Abstract: The subject of the research is the authentic aspects of the development of individuality in the Tuvan culture, built on syncretism, uniting man and nature. In such a system, society is organically included in the structure of nature. It is important to take into account that the individual is not thought of as an indivisible object of social relations, since in mythology and the religious system there are examples of likening man to any other living beings and dividing the soul into components or types. Also, the subject of the research stands out in the traditional culture, focused on continuity between generations and the preservation of ancient forms of worldview. However, understanding the ideological and cultural reasons for the emergence of new forms of individuality in Tuvan culture allows us to solve the problems of social policy, cultural policy and pedagogy. The conclusions of the study are the definition of differences in the development of individuality in the European cultural tradition and Tuvan culture. It is determined that the very concept of individuality is formed in European culture on the basis of a religious worldview, in which the concepts of the Absolute, substance and soul are formed. These concepts in Tuvan culture do not have identical forms, which is proven in the authentic forms of understanding man and soul. Universals of thinking, which inevitably developed in European culture, were not created in Tuvan culture, which operates only with a locus. The article also revealed that Tuvan culture is characterized by contextuality, leading to a shift in the source of individuality towards nature and society. As a result, it was found that individuality in Tuvan culture is revealed in the inclusion of a person in a complex of natural objects that have absolute value and uniqueness.

Keywords: contextuality of culture, soul, social structure, syncretism, individual, traditional culture, worldview, Tuvan culture, individuality, human

Abstract: Information is being researched in the article from one of the debated points of view – paninformism: it is claimed that it is a universal characteristic of being, existing not only in the consciousness of people, but also in inanimate nature and being on the same level of generality as matter and energy (N. Wiener). The purpose of the article is to offer for discussion a definition of information that covers all its varieties. To achieve this goal, a genetic approach is used: first, information contained in inanimate objects is considered, then – genetic information and information functioning in organisms devoid of subjective reality, after that – subjective and, finally, computer information. This approach allows us to identify the generic feature of all these varieties of information on specific material. It is shown that, depending on the style of thinking, it is expressed by three philosophical categories: "form", "structure" and "relation". In the article, the third category is the main research tool. It is asserted that the system of relations forming an object from its components becomes information in the presence of two definitive features: 1) it is capable of transmission to other objects, 2) the emerging information is in a relationship of correspondence with the preceding one. The relationship between subjective information and objective information, which is located in the individual's brain and represents a system of relationships both between the components of the brain itself and between the electrochemical processes occurring in it, is analyzed. Two interpretations of the relationship between these two types of information are compared. The advantages and difficulties of these interpretations are considered.

Keywords: paninformism, genetic information, subjective information, objective information, relation, structure, form, formal cause, communication, Information

Abstract: The subject of the study is the formation and content of ideas about freedom in the most significant philosophical and religious traditions and the outline of its links with modernity. Such traditions determine the nature of local civilizations. Understanding the unarticulated but latently present senses, mutual consideration of the hierarchies of values of large human communities can contribute to improving the quality of intercultural and intercivilizational dialogue. In each of the considered teachings, "freedom" turns out to be unique, and often incomparable. Moreover in such traditions as Confucianism and Taoism the category is implicit. The understanding of "freedom" is traced in the ancient tradition, starting with Homer, the period of the European Middle Ages, the views of representatives of various branches of Arab-Muslim thought, Hinduism and Buddhism. A synthesis of the approaches of dialectical ascent (using antinomic categories) and socio-cultural comparison is used. In case the target categories of "freedom", "free will", "freedom for", "freedom from" are not directly manifested, its reconstruction is carried out by means of analytical explication. The core result is the identification of the fact of incomparability of concepts of freedom in different traditions, and hence the non-universal nature of the globalization is stated. Although liberal project is extremely successful nowadays, in the long term it is likely to be curtailed as other cultural and philosophical doctrines do not elaborate similar content and other values are in their focus. The special contribution of the author is in posing the question of multi-civilizational axiological comparison, the development of methodology of which is a significant and highly relevant research task, as well as the initial testing of the methodology.

Keywords: world order projects, axiology of globalization, traditional values nowadays, freedom in Hindo-Buddism, freedom in Europe, free will, freedom as value, freedom in China, freedom in Islam, axiology of local civilizations

Abstract: The article presents a historical-philosophical and historical-theological analysis of the main topics of natural theology in the philosophical heritage of Archpriest Fyodor Golubinsky, professor of the Moscow Theological Academy (1798-1854). This research examines the doctrine of Divine attributes, which is one of the key sections of natural theology. This teaching by Golubinsky serves as the basis for the next section of his system devoted to Divine Providence, therefore, the study of the doctrine of the properties of God is necessary for a full understanding of the apologetic heritage of the professor. The focus of the research is on metaphysical divine attributes, they are common to theistic religious traditions. The article refers to pre-revolutionary spiritual and academic education, the study of which is necessary for a better orientation in the domestic educational space. A study of the legacy of Archpriest Fyodor Golubinsky confirms that the topic of Divine attributes has traditionally been taught in both dogmatic and rational theology. This underlines the importance of integrating philosophical and theological aspects in the training of the clergy, which, in turn, can have an impact on modern theological discourse and its development. The work uses general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematic approach, etc.), as well as special (historical-theological and historical-philosophical). It should be noted that spiritual and academic natural theology remains almost unexplored when various topics of rational theology are actively being developed in the modern scientific space. Being an extraordinarily erudite teacher and scientist, Golubinsky integrated Orthodox religious experience into a wide theological and philosophical context, enriching domestic humanitarian and theological spaces with many fundamental Christian provisions, while preserving the methodology of natural theology. This article highlights the main sources that influenced the formation of his teaching on the metaphysical properties of God. The article highlights the strengths of the professor's constructions, in particular, in the context of substantiating the attribute of simplicity, about which active discussions are underway in the modern scientific space. The need for further research on this issue is emphasized.

Keywords: theistic predicates, metaphysical attributes, Divine attributes, natural theology, rational theology, Moscow Theological Academy, Infinity, metaphysics, christianity, realism

Abstract: The article presents the main aspects of the author's theoretical and methodological construct for studying the worldview models of modern Russian society. The object of the study was the processes of worldview formation in the consciousness of generations of modern Russia, the subject was the theoretical and methodological basis for studying the worldview models of Russians in generational and regional dimensions. The history of the concept of worldview in philosophy and social sciences is considered in detail, the features of its conceptualization in modern dictionaries and reference books are revealed, and the heuristic potential of using the concept of worldview proposed by K. Jaspers as a complex process of internalization of the socio-cultural worldview base with subsequent objectification of subjective experience is shown. It is the insurmountable gap between the objective and the subjective in Jasper's concept of worldview that allows us to record generational differences based on the principle of "meta-contrast". The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was a critical conceptual analysis, the concept of worldview by K. Jaspers, as well as the theory of self-categorization by J. Turner with its key concept of "meta-contrast". All this theoretical and methodological work took place in the context of a model approach to worldview. As a result of the study, it was established that more than two hundred years of development of the concept of worldview led to its extreme vagueness and comprehensiveness, which could not but negatively affect its heuristic potential. To correct this situation, a model approach to worldview was proposed, which made it possible to operationalize this concept for subsequent quantitative research of mass consciousness in order to identify connections between the worldview base of Russians and its ideological derivatives.

Keywords: generations of Russia, ideological concept, ideology, value constants, group consciousness, mass consciousness, worldview model, worldview, generational analysis, identity

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of meaningful content of the concept of "traditional spiritual and moral values", the preservation and strengthening of which is considered as one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Each of the components of this concept is analyzed. The categories of "spiritual" and "moral", taken outside the context of a certain worldview system, are recognized during the analysis as insufficient for a clear articulation of meanings at the official state level. The analysis of the concept of "traditional" leads to the idea of the irreducibility of all-Russian values to one source, considered from a historical perspective, to one of the great traditions existing in the cultural field of Russian civilization. It is proposed to approach this term from a different point of view. Namely, to bring depth to the concept of "traditional" through the category of "eternal". Eternal values, which are rooted in the metaphysical nature of reality, imply meaningful unity with the coexistence of a plurality of forms in which these values are reflected. Such an idea of eternal values corresponds to the nature of the thought of Russian religious philosophy (among whose representatives V.S. Solovyov, E.N. Trubetskoy, N.A. Berdyaev, S.N. Bulgakov, P.A. Florensky, S.L. Frank, I.A. Ilyin, etc.), as well as in accordance with the idea of Eternal Tradition (which shared by such thinkers as Rene Guenon, Ananda Kumara Swami and Matjioi). In addition, it allows us to solve a number of fundamental problems facing the civilizational theory of development. As a result, it is concluded that a value-oriented policy, understood as a policy that has eternal spiritual and moral values as guidelines for development, is very promising and allows us to provide answers to the historical challenges facing our country.

Keywords: Russian state, development paradigm, historical challenges, spiritual and material, unity of diversity, metacultural synthesis, global changes, eternal values, civilization theory, traditional values