Abstract: The subject of this research is the discourse on the body and corporeity in Dostoevsky’s works on the example of four out of his “five greatest novels”. The questions of the body and corporeity are often eliminated in philosophical studies of Dostoevsky’s works which allows researchers to conceptualize the content of his novels more easily. This tradition and its inconsistency can be revealed through a brief historiographical review. The author of the article, on the contrary, regards the corporeity as an important part of Dostoevsky’s philosophical and anthropological ideas. Thus, two main aspects of the discourse on the body and corporeity found in various proportions in the writer’s works: 1) corresponds with materialistic philosophical anthropology, and 2) matches the Christian patristic anthropological tradition. In addition, the article describes Dostoevsky’s non-formalizability of corporeity which stands above the materialistic interpretations of the man and the standardized, not problematized body. This is achieved through cultural and historical, biographical and ideological contexts of Dostoevsky’s writings. The hermeneutic analysis of the four novels texts provides an opportunity to briefly outline the concept of the body and corporeity understanding. Thus, the author identifies three modes of corporeity underlying the body problematization in Dostoevsky’s novels: the scientistic mode, the otherness mode, and the religious mode (based on the anthropological tradition of Eastern Patristics). Unlike the materialistic concepts of a onefold approach to the man, Dostoevsky offers twofold (or even threefold) concept dissecting corporeity through its most non-formalized manifestations. The body for Dostoevsky is both universal and unique. On the one hand, it complicates the corporeity conceptualization, but on the other hand, it enhances its importance in the writer’s works. The results of the research can be used to elaborate new non-reductionist interpretations of Dostoevsky’s literary legacy.

Keywords: death, disease, beauty, Patristic sources, Russian philosophy, Dostoevsky's philosophy, corporeity, body, Dostoevsky, Dostoevsky's philosophical discovery

References:
Lauth, R. (1996). Dostoevskii's Philosophy in a Systematic Account. Moscow: Respublika.
Bakhtin, M.M. (2017). Selected Works. Vol 2. Moscow, Saint Petersburg: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives.
Golosovker, Ya.E. (1998). Dostoevsky and Kant. In: Golosovker, Ya.E. A Secret Secret. Philosophical Prose. Tomsk: Vodolei.
Rozanov V.V. (1996). Dostoevsky and the Legend of the Grand Inquisitor. In: Rozanov V.V. Collected Works, 7, 7-135. Moscow: Respublika.
Bulgakov, S.N. (1993). Ivan Karamazov as a philosophical type. In: Bulgakov S.N. Works in two vols. Vol. 2, 15-45. Moscow: Nauka.
Berdiaev, N.A. (2016). Dostoevsky's Worldview. In: Berdiaev N.A. Russian Idea. Dostoevsky's Worldview, 311-510. Moscow: Publishing house "E".
Metropolitan Hilarion (2022). Dostoevsky’s Gospel. Moscow: Poznanie.
Freud, S. (1995). Dostoevsky and Parricide. In: Freud S. The Artist and Fantasy. Moscow: Respublika. P. 285 – 294.
Ghidini, M.

Abstract: The article explores an anthropological essence of Blaise Pascal's philosophical views along with their analysis in the context of his personal being and also of common directions in the Modern Age intellectual and philosophical movement. An unbreakable connection between Pascal's ideas and setting cartesian scientific and philosophical world-outlook is shown here, as well as some cardinal differencies of his thoughts on nature, significance and perspectives for human being from pure rationalistic treatings of these problems. The main anthropological work of Pascal ("Pensees") is charaterised under the angle of its structure and method. The comparison of reception and evaluation of Pascal' and Socrates' personalities and ideas by the modern European philosophers (W. Windelband, E. Kassirer) and Russian religious thinkers (B.P. Vysheslavtzev, S.S. Glagolev) provided here. It is shown that in his reasonings on human being, wich are traditionally considered as religous and mystical, Pascal keeps some faithfullness towards "geometric spirit" of cartesian philosophy. It is manifestated by using of mathematical terminologies and also by constructing of phenomenological topica of human existing. The last one must be charaterised as vector determinanta or as intentional existence. The principal attention is given to concepts of love and heart with stressing that Pascal realised his specific method of exploring the human being problems through these intuitive and existential symbols in "world - self - being" triada. In conclusion it is determined that Pascal's anthropological ideas as presented in "Pensees" are to be considered as some christian apologetic experience (according to author's personal intentions) and also as one of the foundings of contemporary philosophical anthropology (due to their principially critical primal points).

Keywords: Modern Age philosophy, jansenism, heart, intentionality, human being, existence, anthropology, Pensees, Blais Pascal, cartesianity

References:
Armour, L. (1993). "Infini rien": Pascal's wager and the human paradox. Southern Illinois University Press: Published for the Journal of the History of Philosophy. doi:10.1017/S0034412500016322
Brown, G. A. (1984). Defence of Pascal's wager. Religious Studies, 20(3), 465-479.
Cargile, J. (1966). Pascal's wager. Philosophy, 41(157), 250-257.
Janzen, G. (2011). Pascal’s Wager and the Nature of God. Pp. 331-344. doi.org/10.1007/s11841-010-0213-5
Moriarty, M. (2020). Pascal: Reasoning and Belief. Oxford. doi.org /10.1093/oso/9780198849117.003.0020
Altashina, V.D. (2013). Blaise Pascal and Russian culture: from the “blade of grass” to the “reed” / Blaise Pascal: pro et contra, anthology. St. Petersburg.
Antonov, K.M., & Tarasov, B.N. (2006). “Thinking reed” // Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities, 15, 189-191.
Ivanov, M.S

Abstract: The object of philosophical research is artificial intelligence. The subject of the study covers the impact of the development of artificial intelligence on a person, on the formation and change of ideas about a person, his nature and essence. But in the study, the emphasis is on the contradictoriness of this impact. The philosophical and anthropological analysis of artificial intelligence is focused on understanding the impact of this technology through the phenomenon of man, human existence and his experience. The article is an attempt to study the problem from different positions, including the question of how to ensure control over the growing "consumption" of artificial intelligence in a variety of ways, as well as what can affect the development of a person himself and how current trends contribute to change or create social and cultural norms, such as the ideas of "roboethics" and ethical responsibility in the creation and use of intelligent machines. The presence of fragmented or insufficiently complete coverage in the study of the presented topic in the works of researchers allows us to set the task of formulating the problem and studying it. It is the need for a comprehensive study that is the idea that initiated this work, which boils down to an attempt to conduct a philosophical and anthropological analysis, identify the shortcomings of the existing situation and determine the prospects. From this position, in the process of research, no materials were found that consider the problem comprehensively, and on the other hand, combine the task of identifying the causes and foundations of these contradictions in order to analyze them from the standpoint of philosophical anthropology, which determines the novelty of the study.

Keywords: interdisciplinary cooperation, ethics, identity, freedom, consciousness, technology, contradictions, artificial intelligence, human, philosophical anthropology

References:
Mittelstadt B. Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI // Nature Machine Intelligence-Volume 1, November 2019-p.501-507. DOI: 10.1038/s42256-019-0114-4
Afanasevskaya A.A. Legal status of artificial intelligence // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy-2021, No. 4 (141),-p.88-92 DOI: 10.24412/2227-7315-2021-4-88-92
Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence. 2016. Washington, DC. Executive Office of the President National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology-2016-[Electronic resource]. URL: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf (accessed 3/14/2023)
Shatkin M. A. The agency of digital platforms: a value approach. Bulletin of the Saratov University. New episode. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy-2022, No. 3-p.293-297. DOI: 10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-3-293-297
Leshchev S. V. Artificial-intellectual agency in the space of the humanitarian dimension // Modern problem

Abstract: The article reveals the problem of the need to build ethnopedagogical methods through instilling the fundamental meanings of the worldview of traditional culture. The authors point out the inconsistency of the superficial application in the practice of ethnopedagogy of a simple listing of cultural phenomena or teaching the national language. The processes of upbringing and education must be implemented in unity with cultural enlightenment, in which the unity of man, society and nature is revealed. The problem of distorted interpretation of cultural phenomena in modern times is shown, which creates a contradictory worldview system. The need to instill an understanding of the transformation of the worldview of traditional cultures in modern times is emphasized, which makes it possible to fill pedagogical practice with specific content. The novelty of the study lies in the discovery of the relationship between problems of worldview and pedagogical practice. The ideology of the Soviet era was formed on substantialism and materialism, which required the application of the ideas of abstract progress and holism. In such conditions, Tuvan traditional culture was not fit into the abstract system that reduces the content of archaic cultures. The authors point to the unity of education and thinking, in which a person understands the uniqueness of each culture and its phenomena. In this connection, it is possible to learn the meanings of one’s culture, which creates the possibility of self-identification. The main contribution of the authors lay in revealing of the need to develop ethnopedagogy with specific content, which is ensured through high-quality preparation of ideological foundations.

Keywords: progress, interpretation of culture, worldview, traditional culture, education, phenomenon of culture, ethnopedagogy, transformation of culture, upbringing, Tuvan culture

References:
Kondratyeva, T. N. (2014). On the problem of environmental education in Buryatia based on the ethno-ecological traditions of the titular people. Philosophy of Education, 1(52), 112-117.
Krezhevskikh, O.V., Karataeva, N.A. (2022). Experience in the use of ethnopedagogy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Perspectives of science and education, 1(55), 79-93.
Tatevosyan, M.A. (2021). Existential approach in education. Modern pedagogical education, 12, 32-34.
Danchay-Ool, A.A., & Adygbay, Ch.O. (2022). Development of religious beliefs of Tuvinians in the context of globalization. Scientific result. Social and humanities studies, 3(8), 106-115. doi:10.18413/2408-932X-2022-8-3-0-8
Oorzhak, S.Y., Oorzhak, & K.-o.D.-N. (2019). Ethnic Pedagogical Knowledge (Expansion of Content on the Materials of the Republic of Tuva). Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanitarian sciences, 2, 302-309.
Kollegov, A.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the relationship between philosophical anthropologists, who deal with the nature and essence of man, and neurosciences, who study neural processes - the work of the brain and nervous system. In particular, the present article is a discovery of how these two fields can shed light on issues related to detection and artificial intelligence, such as the nature of consciousness and intelligence, as well as the possibility of creating conscious machines and the ethical implications of the emergence of artificial intelligence. The study suggests an interdisciplinary approach. In this methodological work, dialectical methods are encountered in this important methodological plane, but also the hermeneutic and phenomenological approaches most often used in philosophical research are used. The novelty of research is found in the frequency of violations between the philosophical and empirical points of medicine in the considered area. Within the framework of this study, a philosophical examination is carried out for the most “objective” examination - a representative of philosophical anthropology, the doctrine of the nature and nature of man.
The subject of research suggesting the creation of a promising possession towards a versatile understanding of man. Problems notwithstanding, the interplay between philosophical anthropology and neuroscience can provide valuable insights into some of the most fundamental and elusive aspects of the human experience, such as consciousness, the self, and free will.
The interaction of philosophical anthropology and neuroscience can be organized as a dialogue between two approaches to understanding the human condition. Philosophical anthropology offers a conceptual framework for thinking about the nature of human experience, while neuroscience provides empirical evidence that can help test and refine philosophical theories. Together, these two areas can help shed light on some of man's most fundamental questions about what it means to be.

Keywords: dialogue, free will, consciousness, natural intelligence, artificial intelligence, human, neuroscience, philosophical anthropology, mind and body, interdisciplinary approach

References:
Bennett M.R., Hacker P.M.S. Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience, 2nd Edition.-Wiley-Blackwell-2022-P.564.
Müller V.C. Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence-Springer Nature, 2021-DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09153-7
Macpherson T., Churchland A., Sejnowski T., DiCarlo J., Kamitani Y., Takahashi H., Hikid T. Natural and Artificial Intelligence-A brief introduction to the interplay between AI and neuroscience research – Neural Networks. V.144. – December 2021. – pp. 603-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.09.018
Gluzdov D.V. Philosophical and anthropological grounds for the interaction of artificial and natural intelligence // Bulletin of the Minin University. 2022. V. 10, No. 4. P. 15. DOI: 10.26795/2307-1281-2022-10-4-15
Rozin V.M. – Two concepts of artificial intelligence: realistic and utopian // Philosophical Thought.-2023.-No. 2.-P.102-114. – DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.2.39739 EDN: DDLZIT URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39739
Gracheva D.V., Farzaliev

Abstract: In the evolution of homo sapiens, running acquires the character of an activity, that is, it assumes both a derivative of reflexivity and participation in its implementation in order to transform both the subject and the environment of his existence. Thus, running acquires cultural significance, the clarification of which is the purpose of this work. To achieve it, the question is raised about the personality-creating resources of running practices, about their contribution to the formation of consciousness and phenomena derived from its activity, for example, will, endurance, meditative states. The features of these resources expressing the metaphysical components of the human "I" are also revealed. The personal need for running activity has the following dimensions: ontological (the choice of running locomotion as a response to the "motor call" of being); anthropological (the realization of a specific hereditary predisposition that bases many elements of culture); psychological (achieving maximum sensations from extreme motor actions) and socio-cultural (participation in a variety of social practices). Systematic running activity develops the ability for long-term endurance, the general cultural significance of which lies in the fact that runners find practically effective and in many ways universal ways of value-semantic motivation to carry out activities that have a lack of motivation. Highly automated running action becomes a way of reproducing a specific ability to dynamic meditation, that is, it creates its own subject and participates in the development of physical culture of the individual, and the formation of the ability ("motor professionalism") to such running is one of the directions of the educational process. The subject-subject orientation of meditative running action means directing efforts towards the implementation of personal activity associated with the support of the "substance" of subjectivity ‒ social, where only the possibility of reflexive human existence is provided. The marker of the social "load" of running motor action, in addition to highly automated and the production of specific structures of consciousness, is its moral component, which is especially pronounced in competitive practices and running events.

Keywords: running practices, the Olympic run of Antiquity, philosophy of sports, dynamic meditation, conscience, volition, endurance, personality, culture, social environment

References:
Aristotle. (1976). On the Soul // Aristotle. Works: in 4 vols. M. Thought. V.1.
Belkin, Z. P. (2004). Reflex of freedom. Natural and technical sciences, 3(12), 67-75.
Weller, M. I. (2010). Energyåvolutionism. Moscow: AST: Astrel.
Visitey, N.N. (2009). Theory of physical culture: to the adjustment of basic ideas. Philosophical essays. Moscow: Soviet sport.
Visitey, N., Manolaki, V. (2017). Motor action of an athlete: an introduction to sports kinesiology // Science and sport: modern trends, 3,10-19.
Germanov, G. N., Sabirova, I. A., Tsukanova, E. G. (2014). Classification approach and theoretical representations of special and general in the manifestations of endurance // Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgaft, 2(108), 49-57.
Gutos, T. (2011). History of running. Moscow: Text.
Dmitriev, V. A. (1981). National sports of the peoples of the USSR. Soviet ethnography, 2, 157-159.
Ivannikov, V. A. (2010). Will. National Psychological Journal, 1(3), 97-102.
Kannykin, S. V. (2021). R

Abstract: The purpose of the work is to identify and comprehend the essential attributes of human existence, which are found to be conceptually opposite in relation to the eugenic doctrine of the foundation. The subject of the study are such attributes of human existence as universality, stability, self-existence, self-identity. The arguments put forward by eugenics as a positivist concept, on the contrary, are based on the idea of human nature as a biologically strictly determined and changeable material for the implementation of artificial transformation. The criticism of this premise undertaken in the work, as well as the criticism of the likely consequences of the use of positive eugenics, reveals the destructiveness of the eugenic doctrine. Applying the method of critical analysis, the author raises the question: "Is positive eugenics possible at all?" - and within the framework of philosophical anthropology answers it. The author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of the doctrine of positive eugenics threatens with distortions incompatible with the existence of man. The main conclusion of the study is: the essential moment of human existence is the fundamental basis that establishes the anthropological prohibition on the implementation of eugenic transformations. As a result, the attributes of a person's essential being - universality, stability, self-existence, self-identity - are revealed as quite effective conditions for human existence, which gives these attributes an additional degree of conceptual significance and cognitively concretizes their being. The results of the study of the causes of the failure of positive eugenics can be applied in the field of anthropology, ethics, bioethics, axiology.

Keywords: ethics, the essence of man, anthropology, eugenics, the being of man, entity, self - existence, atibut, versatility, identity

References:
Glad, D. (2005), Future human evolution. Eugenics of the 21st century. M.: Zakharov
Romanovskiy, G.B., (2021). Romanovskaya O.V.Human rights and modern biomedicine: problems and perspectives. In: RUDN Journal of Law. Ò. 25. ¹ 1. 14-31
Kovba, D.M. (2020) Evgenika as a direction of scientific thought and practice of human selection in the late XIX-early XXI centuries. In: Socium and power.. No. 4 (84). 7-19.
Fando, R.A. (2021). The Russian eugenics society: history and scope of activities. In: Studies in the History of Biology. Ò. 13. ¹ 2.. 52-81.
Lyashkov, A.A. (2019). Basic ethical dilemmas of eugenics. Bulletin of scientific conferences. No. 4-3 (44). 85-86
Korchinskaya, A.D., Kornilov A.P. (2020). Philosophical aspects of eugenicsþ In: Socio-economic and humanitarian sciences. Collection of selected articles based on the materials of the International scientific conference. St. Petersburg, 40-45.
Figdor, C. (2020). Psyhological speciesismof humanism.Philosophical Studies
Sulimov

Abstract: This article presents the analysis of the philosophy of the Cynics, dedicated to pursuit and conceptualization of the ideas of subjectivation. The concept of subjectivation, which can be found in the works of M. Foucault, still does not have a systemic and conceptual framework. One of the gaps determines in the works of French scholar is the disparate use philosophical ideas of the Cynics. An attempt is made to interpret the ideas of this philosophical trend for extracting the comprehensive model of subjectivation and outline the key techniques of “care of the self”. The article employs the translated sources, in the form of separate fragments written by the Cynics, as well as a number of analytical works carried out by Russian and foreign researchers. Alongside the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction, the work applies the comparative and analytical approach. The novelty consists in the attempt to describe the general ideas of the Cynics in the sphere of ethics and formulate the Cynic model of subjectivation for filling the existing gaps in corresponding writings of M. Foucault. Special attention is given to the following aspects: 1) identification of fundamental principles underlying the worldview of the Cynics; 2) formulation of subjectivation techniques that allow building the “selfhood”; 3) comparison and tracing the Cynic ideas borrowed by Platonism and Christianity.

Keywords: Antisphen, cynics, the care of the self, antiquity, subject, subjectication, Michel Foucault, Diogenes, Crates, parrhesia

References:
Sloterdayk, P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma. Ekaterinburg: U Faktoriya, M.: ACT MOSKVA, 2009. 800 s.
Fuko, M. Muzhestvo istiny: Kurs lektsiy, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1983-1984 godu / M. Fuko: Per. s fr. A.V. D'yakov. SPb.: Nauka, 2014. 358 s.
Losev, A.F. Istoriya antichnoy estetiki. Sofisty. Sokrat. Platon. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo ACT»; Khar'kov: Folio, 2000. 846 s.
Antologiya kinizma. M.: Nauka, 1984. 398 s.
Fuko, M. Upravlenie soboy i drugimi: Kurs lektsiy, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1982-1983 godu/ M. Fuko: Per. s fr. A.V. D'yakov. SPb.: Nauka, 2011. 432 s.
Seneka Lutsiy Anney. Filosofskie traktaty. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2001. 400 s.
Diogen Laertskiy. O zhizni, ucheniyakh i izrecheniyakh znamenitykh filosofov. M.: AST: Astrel', 2011. 570 s.
Lukian Samosatskiy. Sochineniya. V 2 t. T. 2. SPb.: Aleteyya, 2001. 538 s.
Epiktet. Besedy. M.: Ladomir, 1997, 312 s.
Imperator Yulian. Sochineniya. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2007. 428 s.
Rassel, B. Istoriya zapadnoy filosofii. T 1. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo AST,

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of spontaneity of consciousness from the perspective of Dzogchen philosophy – one of the doctrines of Tibetan Buddhism. It views spontaneity as the initial and intrinsic, but at the same time latent quality of human consciousness. Liberation in Dzogchen, first and foremost, is related to person’s achievement of spontaneous state. It becomes possible through revelation and support of this state of mind. However, the method of achieving of this state, as well as such understanding of liberation drastically differ from many other traditions and ways of self-improvements, including those accepted in other schools of Buddhism. The goal of this article consists in determination of possible interpretations, as well as demonstrated importance of the concept of spontaneity in Dzogchen, its role in the philosophy and practices based on the traditional views of this doctrine. In the course of the research, comparison is conducted  on comprehension of the problematic of spontaneity in Dzogchen and classical Western philosophical thought in the context of consideration of the question of spontaneity and freedom of Kant’s philosophy of mind, determining parallels and common grounds between them. The conclusion is made on substantial similarity in understanding of the qualities of human consciousness, possibilities of its freedom and ways towards its achievement.

Keywords: lhun grub, Kant, Tibetan Buddhism, spontaneity, consciousness, freedom, liberation, Dzogchen, philosophical anthropology, human

References:
Klein Anne Carolyn and Geshe Wangyal Tenzin Rinpoche. Unbounded wholeness: Dzogchen, Bon, and the logic of the nonconceptual, Oxford University Press, 2006. - 395 p.
Lopon Tenzin Namdak. Bonskie ucheniya dzogchena. Ucheniya dzogchena iz retritov v Avstrii, Anglii, Gollandii i Amerike.-Per. s angliyskogo F. Malikovoy, T. Naumenko, A. Prabkhinoy. M.: Dzhalyu, 2019. - 256 s.
van Schaik, Sam. The Sweet Sage and the Four Yogas: A Lost Mahäyoga Treatise from Dunhuang. Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies 4, December, 2008, pp. 1-67.
Torchinov E. Vvedenie v buddizm: lektsii / Evgeniy Torchinov.-SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2018. - 352 c.
Higgins David. The philosophical foundations of classical Rdzogs Chen in Tibet. Investigating the Distinction Between Dualistic Mind (sems) and Primordial Knowing (ye shes). WIEN, Arbeitkreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität, Wien, 2013. - 374 p.
Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen. New Horizons in Bon Studies. Saujanya Publications,

Abstract: The subject of this research is the link between the concept of human in the works of F. Nietzsche and the concept of subjectivation proposed by M. Foucault. The author meticulously describes the problem of seeking the element of the concept of subjectivation in writings of the German philosopher, and demonstrates why F. Nietzsche should be referred to as one of the main critics and reformers of classical concept of a subject. Special attention is paid to correlation of the early and late works of the German critic, which intertextuality leads to understanding of the wholeness of Nietzsche’s doctrine and consistency of his views upon the problem of a human. It is underlined that some of his works feature the practices of self, similar to the classical and Christian culture of self-nurturing. The article applies critical, comparative and intertextual method of analysis of the works of F. Nietzsche and some of his interpreters. The main conclusion lies in establishment of the link between the criticism of Platonism, Christianity and gnoseology of Modern Age through determination of strict sense of human as a subject and his connection with the world reflected in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche. Despite his disagreement with multiple classical and Christian philosophers, he acknowledges some ethical and individual practices proposed by them within the framework of the concept of subjectivation.

Keywords: Modern philosophy, Foucault Studies, antiquity, christianity, morality, subject, subjectivation, Michel Foucault, Friedrich Nietzsche, the care of the self

References:
Bibikhin, V.V. Istoriya sovremennoy filosofii. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Vladimir Dal', 2014. 398 s.
Fuko, M. Lektsii o Vole k znaniyu. SPb.: Nauka, 2016. 351 s.
Nitsshe, F. Po tu storonu dobra i zla. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2007. 398 s.
Nitsshe, F. Volya k vlasti. SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus,2013. 448 s.
Nitsshe, F. Ecce Homo. Antikhrist. SPb.: Azbuka, Azbuka-Attikus, 2013. 224 s.
Nitsshe, F. Padenie kumirov. SPb.:Azbuka, Azbuka Attikus, 2012. 224 s.
Nitsshe, F. Utrennyaya zarya. M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2008. 334 s.
Nitsshe, F. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy: V 13 tomakh / In-t filosofii. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. 416 c.
Safranski, R.Nitsshe : biografiya ego mysli. M.: Izdatel'skiy dom «Delo» RANKhiGS, 20l6. 456 S.
Foucault, M. Technologies of the Self // Lectures at University of Vermont Oct. 1982. Univ. of Massachusets Press, 1988. p.16-49

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the separate principles of philosophical problematization of the classical topic of Good by the modern gender discourse. Particular attention is turned to interaction between the basic theses of gender discourse and the global presumptions of nonclassical philosophy. The article reviews the vectors of the relevant gender deconstruction of the concept of Good, grasped as a relative scale of all future ontological certainties. The author reveals critical potential of the category of “gender” in correlation to reflection with regards to indifference of “Self, otherness of the female if compared to male, pursuance of the new forms of sociocultural representation of a human. The foundation of the conducted analysis is the postmodernist paradigm with its core idea of the need for drastic deconstruction of the signature cultural meanings. The scientific novelty of the author’s approach consists in demonstration of the essence of gender discourse as a version of nonclassical conceptualization of the continuity of life occurrences. The author’s special contribution lies in studying the establishment of gender representations on insignificance of the Good as an existential model, producing reevaluation of the perception of Good as a measure of sufficiency and God as a repressive instance. The article describes the interaction of gender discourse with the modern socio-critical and psychoanalytical theories of the pathological essence of rationality. The author reveals the logics of perception on the possibility of true deliverance of a human through his gender-based corporeality. The conclusion is made on the ambiguous character of the impact of gender discourse upon the stereotypes of socially important sensemaking.

Keywords: representation, deconstruction, rationality, non-classical philosophy, Goodness, gender discourse, female, male, corporeality, human

References:
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Anti-Edip: Kapitalizm i shizofreniya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2008. 672 s.
Delez Zh., Gvattari F. Tysyacha plato: Kapitalizm i shizofreniya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya; M.: Astrel', 2010. 895 s.
Derrida Zh. Disseminatsiya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2007. 608 s.
Zherebkina I. «Prochti moe zhelanie…». Postmodernizm. Psikhoanaliz. Feminizm. M.: Ideya-Press, 2000. 256 s.
Feminine sexuality. Jacques Lacan and the école freudienne. London: MacMillan Press, 1983. 188 p.
Khlebnikova O. V. Potreblenie kak geshtal't // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2017. ¹ 9. S. 1-9. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2017.9.24046.
Fuko M. Ispol'zovanie udovol'stviy. Istoriya seksual'nosti. T. 2. SPb: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2004. 432 s.
Fuko M. Volya k istine: po tu storonu znaniya, vlasti i seksual'nosti. Raboty raznykh let. M.: Kastal', 1996. 448 s.
Adorno T. Negativnaya dialektika. M.: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2011. 538 s.
Khorkkhaymer M., Adorno T. Dialektika Prosveshcheniya. Filosofskie fragmenty. M., SPb: Medium, Yuventa, 1997.

Abstract: The subject of this research is game as a phenomenon of gender identification. In modern culture we can observe the transformation of gender models, their axiological parameters, and existential manifestations, One of the socio-cultural constructs of the formation of gender identity is the game, in which such existential manifestations of personal being, as love, freedom, spirituality, personal relationship with the world, yourself and others, are realizes with consideration of male and female principle. Despite multiple scientific works dedicated to this topic, its relevance is not subsiding, but reinterpreted with consideration of sociocultural, moral and mental, economic transformations and other basis of being. Synergetic approach, phenomenology of E. Husserl alongside the J. Huizinga’a theory of play allow determining the functional meaning of cultural transformation and self-organization of gender game for a human in everyday culture. The scientific novelty consists in attracting scholars’ attention to a particular type of game practices – a gender game and its transformation in the conditions of current information society. A modern gender game forms in the virtual and real world such human behavioral strategies that endow them with a sense of freedom, possibility to avoid the norms and rules in achieving his dreams and aspirations, as well as confirm their importance and harmonize their reality. Gender game in the virtual world plays outs the situations of priority choice, which expands the boundaries of personal and gender identification.

Keywords: gender play, alternative scenario, transformation, the existences of modern culture, virtual world, gender identification, game, priority selection, phenomenon, virtual technologies

References:
Kastel's M. Informatsionnaya epokha: ekonomika, obshchestvo i kul'tura: per. s angl. M.: Izd-vo GU VShE,2000. 607 s.
Brazers D. Chto kazhdaya zhenshchina dolzhna znat' o muzhchinakh /D. Brazers. per. s angl. M.: «Avtor», 1993. 272 s.
Krasnoyarova N. G., Trubina N. A. Modal'nosti lyubvi v bytii cheloveka // Nauka o cheloveke: gumanitarnye issledovaniya. 2013. ¹2 (12). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/modalnosti-lyubvi-v-bytii-cheloveka (data obrashcheniya: 15.04.2019).
Sharov K.S. Gendernye kommunikativnye strategii. Chast' 2. // Idei i idealy. 2013. ¹3. t.1. S. 78-90.
Menegetti A. Zhenshchina tret'ego tysyacheletiya. /A. Menegetti, Per. s ital'yanskogo Slavyanskoy assotsiatsii Ontopsikhologii. M.: NNBF «Ontopsikhologiya», 2001. 256 c.
Toffler E. Shok budushchego. M.: AST,2002. 557 s.
Novikova O.N. Igrovye praktiki i dekonstruktsiya gendernykh otnosheniy: antropologicheskiy i sotsiokul'turnyy kontekst /Filosofiya i nauka. 2017. ¹16. S.239-248.
Voronina O., Klimenkova T. Gender i kul'tura // Feminizm i gendernye issledovaniya.

Abstract: The XXI century is called the era of the fifth information revolution at the stage of emergence of means and methods of information processing, which caused drastic transformations in social life. The object of this research is the man of information era. Currently takes place the intense accumulation of the various empirical data on the new human within the framework of social anthropology that views society and human from the perspective of evolution of the forms of communication; neuroscience that considers Internet as the main stimulant of brain activity; and pedagogy that waits for a new, well-prepared student. Such interdisciplinary area as the theory of generation views human from the axiological standpoint. The mass media sate of society continues to expand, transforming science, philosophy, politics, and art. These changes force to change the traditional perception of the world, thinking pattern and value orientations. The author attempts to generalize the information about the clash of generations between “digital from birth” and “digital migrants”, and the ways for its solution under the circumstances when the information revolution is not yet completed.

Keywords: digital immigrants, digital from birth, book communication, mass media, Information society, human, logic of electronic communication, audio-visual communication, information revolution, network society

References:
Eko U. Polnyy nazad! Goryachie voyny i populizm v SMI / per. s ital. M.: Eksmo, 2007. 592 s.
Kuayn U.O. Slovo i ob'ekt/ per. s angl. – M.: Praksis, 2002. 289 s.
Platon. Izbrannye dialogi. – M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1965.
Chernigovskaya T.V. Yazyki soznaniya: kto chitaet teksty neyronnoy seti/Chelovek v mire znaniya. M.: ROSSPEN, 2012. 624 s.
Eko. U. Otsutstvuyushchaya struktura. Vvedenie v semiologiyu. – M.: TOO TK «Petropolis», 1998. 432 s.
Kastel's M. Vlast' kommunikatsii/per. s angl. – M.: Izd. Dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2016. 564 s.
Fuko M. Istoriya seksual'nosti. Ch. III. Zabota o sebe. – Kiev: Dukh i literatura, Grunt. Moskva: Refbu, 1998. 288 s.
Boris Slavin. Tsifrovaya reabilitatsiya demokratii /Vedomosti. 31 marta 2017 g.; Evsey Bel'mesov. Brexit i pobeda Trampa: kak sotsseti i uchenye opredelili khod istorii / bell-mess 2016-12-11.12:40:00.
Luman N. Real'nost' mass-media/ per. s nem. A. Antonovskogo. M.: Praksis, 2005. 256 s.
Gonotskaya N.V. Mass-media v sotsiokommunikativnom prostranstve. Filo

Abstract:  
This article examines the process of creation of metaphysical system in the context of influence of the ideal object upon human behavior. Attention is focused on the fact that the key element of the establishment of speculative system is the modeling function of consciousness, or in other words – imagination. The author studies the mechanism if intense work of imagination, causes and effects of its functionality, as well as possible correlation of the response to imaginary object with the “hard problem of consciousness” and the problem of influence of the subjective emotional experiences upon human behavior. Using the example of establishment of speculative system, the article demonstrates the mechanism of intense work of the modeling function of consciousness. The texts of Nietzsche and Hume underline that metaphysics is a result of the intense work of the modeling function in the conditions of insolvable contradictions. It is concluded that the mechanism of intense work of imagination is launched without the evident biologically justified reasons and leads to negative for the body consequences. Mowing towards the direction that assigns the study of this mechanism allows discovering the important elements of a puzzle, which is the nature of subjective experience, as well as find the possible solutions of the “hard problem of consciousness”.
 

Keywords: philosophical anthropology, mental causality, metaphysics, subjectivity, hard problem of consciousness, consciousness, imagination, art, Nietzsche, Hume

References:
Edmons D., Aydinou D. Kocherga Vitgenshteyna. M.: NLO. 2004. S. 27.
Yum D. Traktat o chelovecheskoy prirode / Yum D. Traktat o chelovecheskoy prirode. M. – «Popurri», 1998. S. 308-326.
Yaspers K. Filosofskaya vera / Yaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. M.: Politizdat, 1991. S. 501.
Chalmers, D. J. Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness, in Shear.J., (ed.), Explaining Consciousness – The Hard Problem. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1997. PP. 9–29.
Khaydegger M. Kto takoy Zaratustra u Nitsshe // Topos. 2000. ¹1. S. 50-65.
Khaydegger M. Chto takoe metafizika? // Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya. – SPb.: Nauka, 2007. S. 34.
Mamardashvili M. Kak ya ponimayu filosofiyu // Vestnik vysshey shkoly. 1989. ¹ 2. S. 80-87.
Nitsshe F. Tak govoril Zaratustra. Spb.: Azbuka-klassika. 2008. S. 137-217.
Ramachandran V. Rozhdenie razuma. Zagadki nashego soznaniya. – M.: ZAO «Olimp – Biznes», 2006. S. 50-71
Savel'ev S.V. Izmenchivost' i genial'nost'. — M.: VEDI, 2012. S. 25.
Savel'ev S.V. Strukturno-morfologiche

Abstract: This article analyzes the problems of philosophical nature associated with simulation of pain in electronic virtual reality (EVR). Unlike other sensations, pain is characterized by certain threshold value, which results in neurogenic shock with possible fatal outcome (for example acute cardiac insufficiency). The author reviews the possibility of neurogenic shock in EVR and the caused by it death of an individual in generating reality. It is demonstrated that the solution of problem depends on the method of simulation of pain used in generating of the electronic virtual reality. A comparative analysis of the possible ways of simulating pain is conducted. Film art dedicated to the problem of virtual reality serves as a spectacular example. The author suggest the typology of EVR depending on the method of simulation of pain; the three main types are determined: 1) with equivalent simulation; 2) with modified simulation; 3) with transgressive simulation. Mathematical algorithm of modified simulation of pain in electronic virtual reality with the “virtual invulnerability” and “virtual immortality” is proposed.

Keywords: phenomenon of pain, simulation, ontology, virtual reality, virtual psychology, virtualistics, pain, algosophy, philosophy of pain, philosophical anthropology

References:
Doych D. Struktura real'nosti. Izhevsk: NITs «Regulyarnaya i khaoticheskaya dinamika», 2001. 400 s.
Nosov N. A. Virtual'naya psikhologiya. M.: Agraf, 2000. 432 s.
Kravets A. S., Sayapin V. S. Problema kontseptualizatsii virtual'noy real'nosti // Vestnik VGU. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki. Vypusk ¹ 1. M., 2008. S. 108–131.
Bagdasar'yan N. G., Silaeva V. L. Virtual'naya real'nost': popytka tipologizatsii: nauchnoe izdanie // Filosofskie nauki: Nauch. obrazovat. prosvet. zhurn., 2005. ¹ 6. S. 39–58.
Nepomnyashchiy V. A. Nekotorye trebovaniya k postroeniyu sistemy generatsii virtual'nykh real'nostey // Izvestiya YuFU. Tekhnicheskie nauki. 1998. ¹ 1 (7). S. 40–43.
Boyko M. E. BOL': Vvedenie v algosofiyu. Tractatus algosophicus: Monografiya. M.: Letniy sad, 2016. 152 s.
Patnem Kh. Razum, istina i istoriya. M.: Praksis, 2002. 296 s.
Dennet D. Gde ya? // Khofshtadter D., Dennet D. Glaz razuma. Samara: Bakhrakh-M, 2003. S. 197–202.
Korsmeyer K. Videnie, vera, prikosnovenie, istina // «Matritsa» kak filosofiya. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoriya, 2005.

Abstract: This article discusses the problem of human textuality as an interdisciplinary philosophical problem. Within the framework of the claimed problem, human is textual on biological, as well as social levels of matter patterning. The author leans on the analogy between genome and book, language, scenario, library, text that is often use by Western genetic scientists to explain the biochemical processes taking place at the genetic level. Attention is given to the second (epigenetic) code that is responsible for independence and individuality of the cells, their cellular “memory” (epigenetic program, epigenetic switches). The article also considers the problem of human biological destiny controlled by the second epigenetic code. The author underlines the dependence of the second code from external factors that can affect a human (epigenetic landscape). The scientific novelty is defined by examination of the textual nature of a human as holistic nature, which include genetic, epigenetic, social, and cultural levels. It is assumed that Human is a text that is infinitely written by the Nature, as well as Human himself at all levels of matter patterning.

Keywords: epigenetic landscape, epigenome, genome, human textuality, second code, biological background of the future, linguistic units, nucleotide, DNA, text

References:
Keri, Nessa Epigenetika: kak sovremennaya biologiya perepisyvaet nashi predstavleniya o genetike, zabolevaniyakh i nasledstvennosti : per s angl. / Nessa Keri. – Rostov n/D : Feniks, 2012. – 349 s. : il. – (Zhivaya liniya).
Ridli, Mett. Genom : avtobiografiya vida v 23 glavakh / Mett Ridli ; [per. s angl. O. Revy]. – Moskva : Eksmo, 2015. – 432 s. (civilizatsiya).
Shpork, P. Chitaya mezhdu strok DNK. Vtoroy kod nashey zhizni, ili Kniga, kotoruyu nuzhno prochitat' vsem / Peter Shpork ; [perevod s nem. Galiny Lyutikovoy]. – M. : Lomonosov', 2016. – 272 s.: ill.
Gal'perin, I.R. Tekst kak ob'ekt lingvisticheskogo issledovaniya / I.R. Gal'perin [Tekst],-Izd. 4-e, stereotipnoe. M: KomKniga, 2006.-144 s. (Lingvisticheskoe nasledie XX veka.).
Baza znaniy po biologii cheloveka [Elektronnyy resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa na 14.03.2017: http://humbio.ru/humbio/tarantul_sl/000010e3.htm – Zagl. s ekrana.
Geneticheskiy pasport – osnova individual'noy i predikativnoy meditsiny / Pod red. V.S. Baranova. – SPb.: Izd-vo N-L, 2009. – 528 s.: il.<

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of understanding of the nature of human personality in the philosophical and religious heritage of Reinhold Niebuhr. The object of this research is the philosophical-religious works of R. Niebuhr in his anthropological dimension. The author contextualizes Niebuhr’s comprehension of human based on the intellectual situation of the early XX century and its challenges that to a certain extent led to devaluation of human. Special attention is given to the logics of structuralizing the representations on human as a unique integral being from the perspective of the multiple components that comprise this unity. For achieving the set foal is used the method of analytical reconstruction. Comprehensive approach in analyzing the anthropological categories of R. Niebuhr becomes the basic instrument in contemplation of Niebuhr’s concepts of personality as such. The scientific novelty of this article is substantiated by suggesting of the concept that generalizes Reinhold Niebuhr’s understanding of human at the level of his ontological structure. The anthropological problematic represents the center of the thinker’s works. Starting point of perception of the nature of personality for R. Niebuhr lies in the opposition to materialistic and idealistic concepts. All that belongs to the body is related to nature, which is characterized by vitality. The nature identifies personality. For controlling the natural vitality, a person uses the mind, which is a conceptual force that generates consciousness. This connection is viewed as dialectical, rather than dualistic within the framework of a monistic understanding of human. Spirit is the integrative function of personality. Namely the sphere of spirit is correlated with the human ability to self-transcending. The common human feature, associated with the ability to self-transcending, is his freedom that helps to supersede the sphere of the natural. Human consciousness is not only the transcendence of natural processes, but also of oneself, which stimulates the endless changes and development of the abilities that characterize human existence. The human essence is in neither his natural vitality, his ability to reasoning, nor ability to self-transcending, being just the constituent parts. The essence consists in the relations arising between these parts. Personality is incogitable without its socio-historical surrounding, which suggests the paradoxicality of its existence. Human freedom is the basis for his memory, through which he incorporates himself with the society, and sublimates himself above the determinism of natural processes and becomes the source of interpretation of the world, history and society. Relations between the personality, history and society, according to Niebuhr’s system, are interpreted using the concepts of "organism", "artefact" and "drama". Personality in the works of R. Niebuhr is a unique inseparable combination of the matter, animal component and spirit, conditioned by the natural and socio-historical context.

Keywords: spirit, body, personality, person, human, anthropology, Reinhold Niebuhr, reason, memory, holism

References:
Niebuhr R. The Nature and Destiny of Man, which was based on his Gifford lectures delivered at Edinburgh in 1939. Volume 1-2. Westminster John Knox Press Reprinted from the English Edition by Westminster John Knox Press. Volume 2. 1996. 328 p.
Niebuhr R. The Nature and Destiny of Man, which was based on his Gifford lectures delivered at Edinburgh in 1939. Volume 1-2. Westminster John Knox Press Reprinted from the English Edition by Westminster John Knox Press. Volume 1. 1996. 306 p.
Niebuhr R. The Irony of American History. Charles Scribner's Sons; Book Club Edition. 1952. 174 p.
Niebuhr R. Faith and History: A Comparison of Christian and Modern Views of History. New York, Scribner's, 1949. p. 152-165.
Niebuhr R. Intellectual autobiography of Reinhold Niebuhr // Reinhold Niebuhr: His Religious, Social, and Political Thought. Wipf & Stock Pub. 2009. p.1-25.
Noll M.A. Nibur, Raynkhol'd (Niebuhr, Reinhold, 1872-1917) // Teologicheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' pod redaktsiey Uoltera Elvella. M.:

Abstract: The subject of this research is the nature and sources of the lust for power as anthropological phenomenon that reveals a special dimension of life of any human being. It is claimed that the attractiveness of power is not dictated by the amenities or resources, accessibility of which promises the privilege of the status of supremacy. Moreover, power is interpreted as a burden aggravated by fear, responsibility, narrowing the personality, serving as a source of inner conflicts. At the same time, the author the position that the irrational magnetism of power is justified by its passionate nature, rooted in the in-depth layers of human psyche, tight interweaving with the relevant processes of establishment and increasing personal strength, as well as consolidating of vitality. Lust for power appears as the concentration of energy of self-esteem, demonstrates the tendency towards transgression of personal limits. The research is conducted within the framework of philosophical anthropology. The author leans on the theoretical messages of the philosophy of life, concept of will to power by F. Nietzsche. Special attention is given to the expansive character of manifestation of the lust for power. A conclusion is made that having the dynamic nature, power is forced to constantly augment its might, overcome antagonism, and tirelessly overreach itself, otherwise, it will lose the win positions. However, in such implacable expansion of power that has achieved the level of any rebuke, in constant chase for extending the territories within power also hides the threat to its existence.

Keywords: power instinct, domination, transgression, expansion of power, passion, need for power, will to power, Nietzsche, destructiveness, coming into being

References:
Balakleets N.A. Sub'ekt i vlast': essentsializm i puti ego preodoleniya v sovremennoy politicheskoy filosofii // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2016. ¹ 10. S. 1419-1429. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2016.10.17301
Russo Zh.-Zh. Nachala prava voyny // Russo Zh.-Zh. Politicheskie sochineniya. SPb.: OOO «Izd-vo «Rostok», 2013. 640 s.
Formula vlasti. Kruglyy stol // Vestnik analitiki. 2012. ¹ 3(49). S. 114-133.
Gay Svetoniy Trankvill. Zhizn' dvenadtsati tsezarey. M.: Nauka, 1993. 368 s.
Nitsshe F. Chernoviki i nabroski 1885-1887 gg. // Nitsshe F. Polnoe sobr. soch.: V 13 t. T. 12. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2005. 560 s.
Danto A. Nitsshe kak filosof. M.: Ideya-Press, 2001. 280 s.
Nitsshe F. Po tu storonu dobra i zla // Polnoe sobr. soch.: V 13 t. T. 5. M.: Kul'turnaya revolyutsiya, 2012. S. 7-227.
Pushkin A.S. Boris Godunov // Pushkin A.S. Polnoe sobr. soch. v 10 t. T. 5. M., 1950. S. 217-328.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya. M.: Respublika, 1993. 447 s.
Kant I. Antropologiya s pragmaticheskoy tochki zreniya proekt // Kant I

Abstract: The object of this research is the bureaucratization of human and society, while the subject of the nature of a bureaucratic individual. Having originated in classical form in the era of modernism, the bureaucratic system of managements was solving the essential tasks: orderliness in managing the society, increase in labor productivity, overcoming the inequality and social class remains. As a result of evolutionary development and dysfunctional changes, the bureaucratization process affected all spheres of social life. The author questions what happened to a human and human nature in consequence such transformation. The article leans on the methods of philosophical-anthropological thinking and historical-philosophical reconstruction, formal-logical and conceptual analysis. The scientific novelty lies in determination of a number of key characteristics of the phenomenon of bureaucratic individual: 1) alienation – as a process of separation from others and human nature itself; 2) depersonalization – a subject becomes individually insignificant and indiscernible; 3) idolization and fetishizing – the attributes of bureaucratic reality acquire sacral character; 4) simulation and hyperreality – reproduction by the bureaucratic form of the personal ontological reality.

Keywords: Bureaucratic reality, Idolization, Bureaucratic individual, Paper reality, Simulation, Depersonalization, Alienation, Human nature, Bureaucratization, Bureaucrat

References:
Bodriyar Zh. Simulyakry i simulyatsiya. http://lit.lib.ru/k/kachalow_a/simulacres_et_simulation.shtml/ (data obrashcheniya: 20.06.2016).
Shchelokov K.S. Byurokratizatsiya prava // Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2010 ¹ 13. S. 23-25.
Berdyaev N. O rabstve i svobode cheloveka. M.: Ast, 2006. 320 s.
Berdyaev N. Chelovek i mashina (problema sotsiologii i metafiziki tekhniki) // Voprosy filosofii. 1989. ¹ 2. S. 147-162.
Gurevich P.S. Filosofskaya antropologiya: uchebnoe posobie. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Omega-L», 2008. S. 369.
Fromm E. Chelovek odinok. http://scepsis.net/library/id_898.html (data obrashcheniya: 25.06.2016).
Fromm E. Zdorovoe obshchestvo // Psikhoanaliz i kul'tura: Izbrannye trudy Karen Khorni i Erikha Fromma. M.: Yurist, 1995.-S. 273-579.
Veber M. Izbrannoe. Obraz obshchestva. M., 1994. S. 71.
Gurevich P.S. Problema tselostnosti cheloveka. M., 2004. 178 s.

Abstract: The discussion of A. S. Nilogov with V. A, Kutyrev from the perspective of philosophical anthropology reviews the problematic of modern medicine, which more and more develops within the framework of transhumanism (posthumanity). The professor from Nizhny Novgorof V. A. Kutyrev relies upon the conservative perception of human as an ancestral creature, whose bodily conflicts with the scientific and technological progress. The discourse raises the topical issues of anthropology, biopolitics, bioethics, health and medicine (particularly the problem of euthanasia).  V. A Kutyrev presses the point that the technogenic era, which allows manipulating the nature and human corporality, leads to blurring of the essence of real biopolitics, which stops playing the role of the guardian of life. Such transformation received a name of “thanatopolitics” – politics of allowance and protection of death, paradoxically up to immortality, but now artificial, particularly – posthuman.

Keywords: Biopolitics, Thanatopolitics, Health, Transhumanism, Fyodorov, Bioethics, Euthanasia, Kutyrev, Anthropological disaster, Philosophy of medicine

References:
Fatenkov A. N. V spore o chelovecheskom udele: fenomenologicheskiy realizm protiv postmodernizma (polemicheskiy otklik na monografii V. A. Kutyreva) // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2010. ¹ 6. C. 97–105.
Chesnov Ya. V. Ot vital'nosti k dolgoletiyu // Filosofiya i kul'tura. 2012. ¹ 7. C. 23–33.
Ursul A. D., Ursul T. A. Budushchee chelovechestva: apokalipsis ili dal'neyshaya evolyutsiya? // Politika i Obshchestvo. 2012. ¹ 12. C. 59–72.
Nilogov A. S. «Snipovanie» kak imenovanie (antiyazykovaya metodologiya v pomoshch' DNK-genealogii) // Litera. 2016. ¹ 1. S. 18–25.
Fedorov N. F. Sochineniya / Obshch. red.: A. V. Gulyga; vstup. stat'ya, primech. i sost. S. G. Semenovoy. M., 1982. 712 s.
Kutyrev V. A., Nilogov A. S. Poslednee slovo cheloveka samomu sebe? (beseda A. S. Nilogova s V. A. Kutyrevym) // Filosofiya khozyaystva. 2015. ¹ 5. S. 172–189.
Kutyrev V. A., Nilogov A. S. Vremya vysokikh tekhnologiy: vzlet i padenie cheloveka // Filosofiya khozyaystva. 2014. ¹ 2. S. 259–273.
Kutyrev V. A., Nilogov A. S. Nado li lyudyam «uluchshat' cheloveka»? // Fi

Abstract:  
This article is dedicated to the experience of categorical comparison of hatred and its most used synonyms, such as animosity, anger, contempt, disgust, and some others. Leaning on the semantic closeness of these notions alongside the phenomenological similarities of the standing behind them occurrences, the author leads them to the fundamental, essential differentiation, turning attention to the philosophical-anthropological methodology that views a human in unity of his characteristics – natural, social, and existential. Here becomes important the nuances of demarcation of the notions generic to hatred and its synonyms, such as: emotion, feeling, affect, passion, excitement, and value. The author also applies the phenomenological method, elements of hermeneutic approach, and linguistic analysis. The main result of the conducted comparative research, first and foremost, lies in the volume, enriched comprehension of hatred: it is cognized as a multifarious, complex anthropological phenomenon that addresses to the emotional, cognitive, axiological, social-relationship, and other essential aspects of human nature.
 

Keywords: Violence, Cruelty, Aversion, Contempt, Rage, Aggression, Anger, Animosity, Disgust, Hatred

References:
Balashova E.Yu. Lyubov' i nenavist' // Antologiya kontseptov. T. 1. Volgograd, 2005. S. 150-174.
Ozhegov S.I. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka. M., 2016. 736 s.
Dal' V.I. Tolkovyy slovar' zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka. M., 2011. 2742 s.
Ushakov D.N. Tolkovyy slovar' sovremennogo russkogo yazyka. M., 2013. 800 s.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English. Cambridge, 1995. 1775 p.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. URL: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hate (Data obrashcheniya: 20.08.16 g.)
Wordsmyth Dictionary Thesaurus. URL: http://www.wordsmyth.net/?level=3&ent=hate (Data obrashcheniya: 20.08.16 g.)
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary. URL: http://www.kdictionaries-online.com/DictionaryPage.aspx?ApplicationCode=18#&&DictionaryEntry=hate&SearchMode=Entry (Data obrashcheniya: 20.08.16 g.)
Slovar' sinonimov russkogo yazyka / pod red. Babenko L.G. M., 2011. 688 s.
Abramov N. Slovar' russkikh sinonimov i skhodnykh po smyslu vyrazheniy. M., 1994. 520 s.
Aleksandrova Z.A. Slovar' sinonimo

Abstract: This article examine one of the most ambiguous topics of F. Nietzsche’s philosophical works – the hatred. Interpretation of this topic in Nietzscheanism is associated with specific hermeneutic difficulties: hatred appears through the conceptual multiplicity, neighbors with pathos of human perfection, identifies the paradoxical relations and mutual transitions with the notion of love. Such questions become the center of attention in this work. The author reconstruct a complex background of Nietzschean understanding of hatred in the context of human nature, differentiates the contextual meanings of love and hatred, their transformations and inversions. The article proves that the topic of hatred in Nietzsche’s philosophy does not carry the character of subversion of a human: it is assigned with the opposite – supporting role within the discourse of love and human revival. The nature of hatred is revealed in its destructive and constructive guises. The article traces the fundamental anthropological character of such passion as a reflection of controversy and multidimensionality of human essence.

Keywords: Overman, Human nature , Human ideal, Misanthropy, Ressentiment, Anger, Contempt, Love, Hatred, Nietzsche

References:
Karabushchenko P., Karabushchenko N. Psikhologicheskie teorii elit. M., 2006. 448 s.
Zontag S. Magicheskiy fashizm // Gazeta «Pervoe sentyabrya». ¹ 47. 2000. URL: http://ps.1september.ru/index1.php?year=2000&num=47 Data obrashcheniya: 25.04.16.
Sheler M. Ressentiment v strukture moraley. SPb., 1999. 231 s.
Evripid. Medeya // Evripid. Polnoe sobranie tragediy v odnom tome. M., 2013. S. 60-117.
Gurevich P.S. Razrushitel'noe v cheloveke kak tayna (vstupitel'naya stat'ya) // Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M., 1994. S. 3-14.
Fromm E. Anatomiya chelovecheskoy destruktivnosti. M., 1994. 447 s.
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