Abstract: Justice as one of the key ethical and social values recognized by many peoples of the world. This article examines the concept of "Justice" in two polar pictures of the world - Chinese and Russian. Based on the "systematic approach" to the study of concepts, this article pays much attention to dictionary definitions and background linguacultural knowledge. To determine the structure and peripheral meanings of the concept, the author describes in detail the definitions of the word, historical information important for understanding the concept. If in ancient times the emphasis was on legal and moral justice, then in modern times the concept of "justice" covers economic, educational and gender aspects. The work also provides a detailed morpheme analysis of the concept in the Chinese language. To study the deep meanings of the concept, the article provides the results of an associative experiment conducted on the basis of 2 universities. It identified characteristics of concepts from two source languages . The most frequent associations allowed us to clarify the boundaries of the concept sphere of "Justice". A comparative analysis of the lexical field associated with the word "justice" indicates the presence of unique semantic shades in each language. In Russian, the term "justice" is often associated with legal concepts (e.g., justice, law), forming the idea of a correct, honest and impartial structure of society and human relations. Whereas in Chinese, the use of such expressions as "kindness" and "harmony" that emphasize the importance of virtues is important. The paper eliminates the existing information gap and adds to the existing knowledge base on the concept of "justice", emphasizing cultural differences and similarities, and also advances the understanding of how historical and social factors influence the formation of this meaning.