Abstract: The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural component of the semantics of toponyms of various types of the city of Moscow. The main features of the Moscow toponymy and those lexico-thematic classes and groups with which they relate are established in the study. Various layers of Moscow toponyms have been identified from a historical point of view: the foundations of pre-Christian origin (Finno-Ugric, Baltic, Slavic), the foundations associated with the spread of Christianity, including those of Russian origin, the foundations that appeared in the modern historical era, mainly of Soviet origin. Precedent names in the toponymy of Moscow are characterized from the perspective of a broader consideration of precedent phenomena. First of all, the method of linguistic and cultural analysis was used as research methods, the method of internal reconstruction, the method of etymological analysis, and the method of interpretation of meaning were also used. The scientific novelty of the study consists in highlighting the peculiarities of the influence of various cultural, social and religious factors on different types of producing bases of toponyms of the city of Moscow. The phenomenon of the Moscow toponym is considered as a unique phenomenon associated with the mechanisms of preserving cultural tradition. The results obtained can be used both in further research on the analysis of Moscow microtoponymy and macrotoponymy, and for a general analysis of the onomastic, in particular, toponymic system of the Russian language. The results of this study also reveal the peculiarities of the influence of extralinguistic factors, in particular, cultural and socio-political factors on the development and change of both the form and semantics of geographical names. The research materials are planned to be used in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language.