Abstract: The subject of this research is the linguocultural image of cities in Polish phraseology. The phraseological units of Polish language containing astionyms, urbanonyms and ethnonyms served as the material for this study. Special attention is given to determination of the constitutive components of the image of cities in phraseology. The author analyzes the reflected in phraseological units stereotypic representations on the large and small Polish and foreign cities; underlines peculiarities of their historical, political, economic and cultural development. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the comprehensive analysis of verbalization of the image of cities in Polish toponymic and ethnonymic phraseology. The methods of synchronic description, semantic and linguoculturological analysis were applied in the course of this research. The author was able to establish the complexity of such image, as well as revealed the recorded in phraseology representations of the political, administrative, economic, cultural, architectural, geographical and demographic aspects of the cities.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the peculiar functions of horonyms and oiconyms as the most commonly used kinds of toponyms presented in Chinese phraseology. The author examines horonyms and oiconyms in Chinese phraseological units including astionyms (names of urban facilities or country districts), comonyms (names of country facilities). The researcher focuses on the influence of horonyms and oiconyms in the development of transferred meaning of a phraseological unit as well as abilities of onyms demonstrate lexical features that are not typical for proper names. In the course of the research the author has used the method of synchronous description, method of semantic analysis and functional description of collected material as well as elements of statistical and etimological analysis. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author carries out an in-depth analysis of functions of horonyms and oiconyms in Chinese phraseology. In the course of the research the author has discovered that being part of phraseological units, horonyms and oiconyms may actualize connotations that they have which, in their turn, may affect the process of the developing of transferring meaning. Moreover, being part of phraseological units, onyms may demonstrate lexical features that are not typical for proper names, in particular, create contextual antonymy and synonymy. 

Abstract: The subject of this research article is the analysis of Polish national auto- and heterostereotypes. Stereotypes are an essential element of the cultural code used by a group at a certain time and represent a mental picture of the world. Self-identification inevitably makes one oppose himself or herself to 'aliens', i.e. representatives of other language groups, nationalities and races. This is the reason why phraseological units often verbalize stereotypes about other nations. As stable beliefs, stereotypes are based on cultural specific features, traditions, religion, social and economic life of a certain ethnic group. In this research Spalek compares stable beliefs conveyed by phraseological units and obtained in the course of surveys of auto- and heterostereotypes in a modern Polish society. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author describes similarities and differences of national stereotypes conveyed by Polish phraseological units containing horonyms and ethnonyms and discovered as a result of recent Polish researches. As a result of this research, the author discovers that stable beliefs conveyed by phraseological units often do not conform to modern stereotypes. The latter may change over the time, lose their importance and be replaced with new ones.