Abstract: The relevance of this study lies in the fact that in the realities of the modern world, political discourse plays a key role in international relations, determining not only the nature of diplomatic interactions and strategic decisions but also public opinion. The main reasons for the emergence of political texts and an essential component of international communication are globalization and the increasing intercultural interactions. Moreover, the Arabic political discourse, characterized by unique lexicogrammatical and stylistic features shaped by the historical and cultural context of the Arab world, is of particular interest. The adaptation of Arabic political texts into Russian is, in turn, a complex process that requires both in-depth knowledge of the language itself and an understanding of the cultural, historical, and social aspects of Arab society. This article examines the lexical characteristics of Arabic political discourse that pose the greatest challenges in the translation process into foreign languages, particularly into Russian. The research material consists of articles from Arabic and Russian news websites such as "Al Jazeera," "Daily Sabah Arabic," "RT," and "RBC," analyzed using methods of functional-dynamic approach and contextual analysis. The conducted study revealed that, firstly, Arabic political texts are characterized by: polysemy of vocabulary, the presence of a large number of fixed expressions, and specific terms. Secondly, expressions with historical and religious references are noted in the political discourse under consideration. Thirdly, emotional coloring is an integral part of the Arabic language, which can also lead to a number of difficulties in translation since neutrality is more characteristic of the Russian language. Thus, the translation of Arabic political texts into Russian requires a new comprehensive approach that should include the analysis of rhetorical devices, terminology, and cultural context, taking into account the modern processes occurring in the world: globalization, the emergence of new technologies, the influence of social media, and so on.

Abstract: The present study is devoted to the reconstruction of the image of Russia in the minds of native speakers of the national Syrian version of the Arabic language on the basis of data from a free associative experiment with a word روسيا ‘ Russia’. The purpose of the article is a semantic analysis of associative-verbal networks of the associative field روسيا ‘ Russia’ and the identification of frequency, collective characteristics of the image of Russia, as well as the analysis of individual representations of respondents based on the material of individual associates. The conducted free associative experiment made it possible not only to reconstruct a significant fragment of the Syrians' linguistic picture of the world – the image of modern Russia, but also to identify common, average representations of speakers of Syrian linguistic culture due to the following extralinguistic factors: military-political, cultural, scientific and educational contacts between Russia and Syria in the last few years. The main research method was a free associative experiment conducted using the Google Forms resource. 116 Syrian citizens, aged 18 to 60, who are receiving or have received higher education, were interviewed. The respondents were asked to write 3 first reactions to the stimulus روسيا ‘ Russia’. An analysis of the data obtained showed that, first of all, in the minds of speakers of the Syrian linguistic culture, Russia is a cold but beautiful country that is a reliable friend and ally of Syria. It should be noted that among the 319 reactions obtained, only 3 differ in a pronounced pejorative value. For Syrians, Russia is a country with a rich history, diverse culture and vibrant traditions, a country that provides an opportunity for personal development, including higher education. It was also found that for Syrians, the image of Russia is strongly associated with its capital, Moscow. In general, it can be argued that an exceptionally positive image of a strong and independent Russia has developed in the minds of speakers of the Syrian linguistic culture. The prospect of the study is to conduct an associative experiment with Russian-speaking respondents to reconstruct the image of Syria in the minds of native speakers of Russian linguistic culture and compare the results with those given in this article.