Abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify and study the systemic links between the basic factors of health and mortality in Russian regions based on correlation analysis methods, i.e., to study the relationship between health, morbidity and mortality. The object of the study was the regions of the Central Federal District (16 regions). The choice of this district as an object of study is due, firstly, to the significant population of Russians living in them. Secondly, in the regions of this district, a significant number of social relations significant for the health of the entire Russian society are collectively represented. Thirdly, numerous statistical and scientific research data have been accumulated on the state of health, diseases and mortality in these regions. The subject of the study is to identify the degree of influence of both objective and subjective factors of health, morbidity and mortality in the regions. The article shows that the understanding of the category of health in sociology has gone through several stages of understanding the category: as a combination of intrapersonal physiological and mental phenomena; as a complex of bodily, social and natural living conditions; as a systemic object of research, understood as a result of the interaction of individual and social factors. The results of studies in which health is analyzed as a systemic object of study, as well as the principles of an approach to the study of health as a systemic education, are summarized. The obtained data of the theoretical part of the study were tested in a pilot study, during which, based on correlation analysis, a significant relationship between social factors of health formation, disease prevention and mortality was confirmed. The conclusions of the pilot study showed the expediency of a systematic approach to the analysis and diagnosis of regional health, both in theoretical developments of the problem and in management activities to promote health. The use of the results of the pilot study is relevant for the development of regional health research problems, as well as for the organization of health diagnostics in the activities of administrative and managerial health management organizations.