Abstract: The author of the article considers the civil law nature of personal data, focusing on their qualification in the context of the object of civil legal relations. The boundary of distinction between private and public law in the context of processing and protection of personal data is also drawn. The purpose of this study is to determine the place of personal data in civil law, including civil legislation, as well as to determine to what type of object of civil legal relations should be attributed such legal phenomenon as personal data. The novelty of this article lies in the author's proposed concept of a comprehensive legal regulation of processing and protection of personal data. In addition, the author brings for discussion the issue of the possibility of introducing a new object of civil legal relations, which expands the existing legal tools for the settlement of issues related to personal data. While writing the article such methods were used as: theoretical-predictive, formal-legal, system-structural and method of legal modeling. In the conclusion the author of the article states the necessity of fixing personal data in civil legal relations. The introduction of such an object as personal data into civil law is an important step in modern society, due to the accurate and effective regulation of their circulation and protection. The inclusion of this aspect creates a basis for judicial application and resolution of disputes related to the use of personal data in civil relations. In addition, it contributes to the protection of the rights of data subjects and ensures transparency and predictability of their legal regime. Thus, the need to qualify personal data in civil law not only corresponds to modern trends in the development of society, but also contributes to its sustainable functioning in the digital economy.

Abstract: In this article the authors have investigated the issue of the peculiarities of application of the sanction of article 20.25 of the CAO RF, presented statistical data indicating the dynamics of bringing to administrative responsibility under article 20.25 of the CAO RF for the last few years. In the course of writing this article the authors used universal dialectical, logical, statistical, formal-legal, hermeneutical methods of research. On the example of judicial practice the unfair and punitive nature of the sanction under consideration is shown. The authors present the positions of scientists regarding the goals of the legislator and law enforcer on the establishment and implementation of this administrative punishment, including: S.M. Zyryanov, P.P. Serkov, Z.I. Magomedova, A.V. Zhiltsov, F.K. Batenov and others. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that it is advisable to apply other (similar) legal means of influence on the offender who has not paid the fine on time, except for imposing a double fine. The present article is also a warning to legislators and law enforcers against potential injustice in the part of imposing a double fine. The authors' proposals contribute to the development of more balanced and fair mechanisms to influence the offender. The authors hope that their study will serve as a basis for reform in this area of law enforcement, contributing to the improvement of administrative legislation and judicial practice in favour of preventive over punitive policies.

Abstract: In connection with the completion of the development of the new Code of Administrative Offenses, it becomes obvious a change in the approach, including to the application of administrative punishment. The objects of research in this article are: the system of administrative penalties (their types and sizes) and the procedure for the application of administrative punishment in accordance with the draft new Code of Administrative Offenses. The author pays special attention to the change in the approach to the application of administrative penalties in terms of the transformation of the characteristics of administrative measures of responsibility and the legal technique of the presentation of administrative and legal norms governing the institution of administrative punishment. Also, the special subjects of the research of the topic were the categorization of administrative offenses into coarse and coarse and the formulation of a definition to the concept of a homogeneous administrative offense.   The main conclusions of the study are: highlighting the relevance of the adoption of the draft new Administrative Code in terms of regulating the institution of administrative punishment, substantiating the legal fate of the adoption of such a project, otherwise determining the consequences of its non-acceptance, for example, destabilizing the legal regulation of the institution of administrative punishment and maintaining the priority of the punitive function of administrative punishment over the preventive. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has formed a full-fledged commentary on the presentation of the institute of administrative punishment in the draft of the new Administrative Code: the essence of the changes, the target orientation of their introduction. This article summarizes the current problems associated with the imposition of administrative punishment, indicates the different opinions of legal scholars on this issue and provides the author's vision for making each change to the system of administrative penalties.