Abstract: The article is devoted to the present condition, prospects and problem situations with regard to philosophical, social and humanitarian aspects of scientific research of cosmos and cosmic studies (cosmonautics). In his article Mapelman analyzes how the concept of cosmos and cosmonautics have been developing within the framework of history of science and history of philosophy. Mapelman also shares evaluations of contemporary researches of philosophical issues of cosmos and cosmonautics. The author provides a description of the philosophical issues of cosmonautics that are being solved witin the framework of the Readings devoted to the scientific heritage and development of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's ideas. To achieve the research objectives, Mapelman uses the methods of systematization, critical analysis, comparison, text reconstruction, historical explanation, etc. The author outlines the following philosophical issues that were first discovered during the Readings: whether 'cosmic philosophy' can be actually developed; Russian cosmism, branches and philosophers; improvement of the contemporary picture of the world taking into account the cosmic scale of such improvement; anthropic principle, the place and role of the principle in cosmic philosophy; global issues of the humankind in terms of the cosmic perspective of social development; cosmic civilization, features and possibilities for existence; the problem of immortality, life and death in the Universe; cosmic ethics and moral principles of cosmonautics; axiological aspect of cosmic activity and transformations; the need to explore the cosmic space; influence of the political, military, social, economic and ideological factors on the development of national cosmic programs; research of social and philosophical issues of extra-terrestrial civilizations and the future of our own civilization. 

Abstract: The article analyzes the philosophical, theoretical and historical basis of the concept of personal humane pedagogy in the national philosophy of education. The author considers the basic parameters and characteristics of “humane studies” tendency and proposes a theoretical evaluation of its main principles and methods of reasoning. The article presents a critical look at the nature, character, and interaction between the various components of the spiritual life of society. The author determines the morality and ethics, outlines the conditions of their irreducibility to religiosity. On the example of the monograph “In Search of a New Methodology of Education: Past, Present, Forecasts” by Birich I.A. and Panchenko O.G. the author gives variations of incorrect generalizations and conclusions on the spiritual (especially moral) education in the principles of humane pedagogy. The article highlights the terms whose meanings were arbitrary interpreted, allowing to use them as a basis for subjective conclusion. The author shows the circumstances relating to the possible humanitarian catastrophe with progressive.