Abstract: This article examines the existing system of court institutions of the modern Lebanon, analyzes the realization of judicial authority considering the distinctness of the mixed legal system of Lebanon, as well as identifies the legal issues present in this area and possible ways for their elimination. The author reviews the regular courts that include civil and criminal courts; administrative court that is represented in Lebanon by the State Council; political court, the jurisdiction of which is realized by the Supreme Council; constitutional council; military court; religious courts, and special courts that can render judgments on the exclusive basis. A conclusion is made that inefficiency of the Lebanese acting system of courts can be explained by the following aspects: absence of proper education of judicial personnel; vulnerable economy that leads to the insufficient fund for hiring the technical personnel and judges; lack of computerized support; absence of the institution of judicial mediation and institution deal-making with the justice department in criminal cases, etc.