Abstract: The research is devoted to the development and substantiation of a methodological approach to teaching the methodology of humanitarian research in the context of the formation of research activity of students. The lack of educational and methodological material devoted to the methodology of humanitarian research, the lack of simple and clear recommendations and algorithms for students to build their own research and choose methods makes this approach relevant. The principle of this approach is revealed by the example of the presentation of theoretical and applied issues of structuralism and synergetics as research methods and is based on the movement of knowledge from simple to complex. The research material was modern publications devoted to the problems of education, humanities, research methodology, as well as structuralism and synergetics as forms of scientific analysis and their transcriptions of cultural and art phenomena.  During the development of this methodological approach, the authors carried out a reduction of synergetic and structural methods, systematization of the basic concepts used in the research work of students, identified a number of characteristics describing the course of research using these methods, conducted their comparative analysis indicating weaknesses and strengths. The novelty of the research lies in the development and demonstration of the possibilities of the proposed methodological approach, which offers: step–by–step development of research tools based on such basic concepts as "object", "category", "value", etc.; visual – in the form of a table – comparison of research methods and characteristics; elaboration of the categorical apparatus of methods based on the history of their origin, the authority of classical authors and quotations of their texts, the demonstration of the possibilities of methods in modern research. At the same time, the emphasis is on the unique features of the studied methods, which are necessary for a critical understanding of aesthetic and cultural phenomena and the construction of a consistent research route. The result of this approach is an understandable algorithm for choosing one or another method, as well as the possibility of creating a comprehensive methodology. The developed methodological approach can be applied directly in pedagogical practice, as well as during the preparation of students' scientific research.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the transformation of traditional folk culture archetypes of wood, stone, thread in modern decorative and applied art, as well as ways of using threads, wood and stone as materials for the manufacture of objects of modern art. The research does not aim to repeat classical ethnographic studies or to refer monographs on the history of culture. The article is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the modern practice of decorative and applied art from the point of view of the philosophy of culture and practical aesthetics. This approach is a unique experience in the analysis of jewelry and decorative practices of processing heterogeneous materials of natural origin. The cluster of masters of decorative and applied art in Russia is expanding, there are more and more opportunities and materials for creativity, but the authors of the products themselves are not engaged in stylistic, art criticism or philosophical understanding of their activities. Nevertheless, their works, according to researchers, reflect the oldest mythological images that are the cornerstones of Russian culture and represent the heritage of world culture, transformed by post-culture and man-made trends that have penetrated, among other things, into art. Archetypes of wood, stone, thread, preserved since ancient times, acquire new meanings and new forms of embodiment in the works of modern authors.