Abstract: The Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1956) became one of the very first representatives of the New World, whose oeuvres attracted the attention of European artistic community. The composer is known for the extremely extensive range of his creative interests, as well as diverse circle of the images of his music. Villa-Lobos was among the first to study Brazilian folk music; at the beginning of the XX century he visited the remote parts of the country with preserved traditions of the natives and migrants from the African Continent. It was especially interesting to find out how the creative work of the composer was perceived, and how it correlated with European cultural context. The goal of this publication is to present the work of this Brazilian composer in the context of European art. Among many compositions by Villa-Lobos, the most diverse in its artistic images and musical material is the cycle Bachianas Brasileiras. It is also evident that through the prime examples of European art, the composer tended to make Brazilian music a part of the world culture. In this regard, his Bachianas is one of the manifestations of neoclassicism. For Europe, the interest to the works of Villa-Lobos was mostly due to the fact that at the edge of the centuries there was a spike in the interest towards the forgotten types of music of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and deep antiquity, as well as the ancient folklore of African-Brazilian and Indigenous People have been assimilated.