Abstract: The author analyzes the main directions of development of agriculture in Khakassia in the 1920s – early 1940s on the basis of archival documents and literature. In particular, attention is paid to the dynamics of development and structural changes in the agricultural sector of the region's economy, which during this period were contradictory. There were positive trends: during this period, there was an increase in the average annual gross output of agricultural production, its material and technical base improved, crop production received a new round of development. But on the other hand, there were some negative aspects: the reduction of livestock due to an ill-conceived economic policy aimed at collectivization, the lack of electrification in agriculture, low grain yields during the first five-year plan. The study of the main directions of the development of agriculture in the country as a whole and Khakassia in particular in the 1920s – early 1940s through the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators contributes to the disclosure of controversial problems in domestic and regional history, namely cooperation, collectivization, state farm construction. This will allow us to summarize the historical experience of those years (positive and negative), which can help in overcoming difficulties in Russian agriculture through appropriate conclusions.
The relevance of the study of this topic is also due to changes in the theoretical and methodological base in Russian historical science. Currently, this topic can be considered from the standpoint of modernization theory in addition to previous studies, in particular based on the formational approach. Also, the relevance of this topic can be explained by a large number of unpublished historical sources that have not been introduced into scientific circulation.