Abstract: The Arctic, as an object of modern attention, is a center of attraction not only for Arctic and near-Arctic countries, but also for countries that are located at a fairly remote distance from the Northern Hemisphere. The high interest in the development of the Arctic is caused by geopolitical, economic and other factors. In these conditions, the Arctic becomes a zone of intersection of interests of many countries. The activation and expansion of the economic activity of previously existing and new players in the Arctic can pose both real and potential threats, as well as potential, a new round on the way to improving the level of national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. In this regard, the analysis of foreign Arctic strategies and the study of foreign experience in the development of the Arctic is relevant. The purpose of the work is to analyze the Arctic strategies of the United States, Canada, China, and India for compliance of their national interests with the regional (Arctic) and search for opportunities to use their best practices to ensure sustainable development in Russia. The subject of the study is the mechanisms of management of the development of Arctic and near-Arctic territories. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic, comparative analysis, methods of synthesis, induction and deduction. It is revealed that the models of the policy of supporting the sustainable development of the Arctic of the countries of the North American continent demonstrate ambiguous effectiveness of their implementation. It is shown that the great prospects for supporting the sustainable development of the Arctic contain the emerging and developing models of the state Arctic policy of China and India.

Abstract: In the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy, it is important to modernize the national economy, production and effective development of scientific knowledge, development and implementation of modern equipment and technologies in production to create conditions for safe and sustainable socio-economic development. The aim of the work is to form a set of indicators that assess the potential of scientific and technological development of the Russian economy. The object of the study is the scientific and technological development of the Russian economy. The subject of the study is the methodology for assessing the scientific and technological potential of the economy. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and statistical analysis. The authors analyzed and identified three theoretical approaches to the definition and evaluation of scientific and technical potential. Based on the results of the analysis, the need to identify and distinguish between the terms «scientific and technical potential» and «scientific and technological potential» was revealed. It is revealed that the reason for identifying the adjectives «technological» and «technical» returns to the difference in approaches to the definition of the term «technology». The narrow and broad interpretations of technologies are singled out, on the basis of which the author's definition of scientific and technological potential is proposed. By analyzing the methodology of a number of international indices and reports that evaluate the scientific and technical potential, the authors propose a set of indicators that evaluate the scientific and technological potential of the national economy. Using the proposed set of indicators, the authors determined the state and dynamics of the development of the scientific and technological potential of Russia.