Abstract: The subject of the research is the adaptative resources of personality in extreme conditions of professional activity demonstrated by penitentiary officers (in terms of their professional identity, resiliency, and subjectively perceived social, psychological and physical well-being). The object of the research is the stress reactions of extreme activity officers (based on the case study of penitentiary officers). The research is based on the concept of the psychology of health and oriented at developing guidelines for preparing health saving and health developing technologies and stress prevention programs to overcome stress reactions experienced in extreme conditions by penitentiary officers. Using the methods of statistical analysis and psychological tests, the authors examine the role of personality traits, life values, and motives for professional activity in the structure of life quality and distress causing factors. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors view adaptational resources of personality as precipitant factors in the model of stress condition development. As a result of the research, the authors define that penitentiary officers have a developed system of life values. Reliliency, subjective social, psychological and physical well-being viewed by the authors as adaptational resources, do not relate to personal traits of penitentiary officers but relate to one's attitudes to control and desire to lead a productive activity and life.