Abstract: This article demonstrates that socialism was the key political concept for the nascent Soviet constitutionalism. The matter is that the political-legal ideas of V. I. Lenin underlied the ideology of Bolshevism, which became the basis of the entire legal system of the Soviet state. The author traces the evolution of socialist ideas and their reception by the Russian social democracy. In the Bolshevik party, the idea of a socialist society has acquired rather utopian and radical forms than the initial European model. This was associated with the fact that socioeconomic, political and cultural conditions dictated certain framework for the implementation of socialism. The Communist Party had to establish the socialist principles and fundamentals of the Soviet society on the constitutional level. This led to robust debates on the issue in the constitutional commission. The discourse that emerged due to the adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 is poorly reflected in the scientific publications; therefore, the author provides brief biographical data of the key members of the constitutional commission. This allows correlating the political-legal ideas with the historical and personal contexts. It is worth noting that such concepts as “socialist society”, “association” and “union” underlie the comprehension of the essence of state and law. This served as the basis for further discussion of the goals and objectives of the councils, first steps, as well as rights and responsibilities of citizens.

Abstract: The Bolsheviks, alongside their mentors K. Marx and F. Engels, were staunch opponents of the federal structure. However, the political goals of the revolutionary party were put at the forefront; thus, V. I. Lenin viewed federation as the method for uniting the proletariat into a single union. The leader of the revolution developed the forms of structurization of this union on multinational basis throughout his entire creative life. The article traces the evolution of V. I. Lenin's representations of the state structure of Soviet Russia – from the unitary centralized state to the federation of free nations. Such political and legal views on the Soviet federation underlines the development of the constitutional doctrine of the Soviet State. However, the constitutional commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee did not reach a common ground on which type of federation should be built on the territory of the former Russian Empire, thereby offering different projects of federal structure. The author describes the reflection of Lenin’s ideas on the Soviet federation in perception of majority of the members of the constitutional commission, as well as the corresponding political projects.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the political legal doctrine of Soviet constitutionalism during the period of establishment of the Soviet State. The author presents his interpretation of the political legal doctrine as a specific form of material incarnation of the idea of the state. Its Soviet version had certain historical and conceptual peculiarities. First and foremost, it implied the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, which fully determined the content of the fundamental notions and concepts of the political legal doctrine, developed in the constitutional commission of 1918. The framework of the Soviet constitutional system were reflected therein, as well as in the text of the Constitution of the RSFSR. It appears that ideocracy became the key vector of self-identification of the Soviet Russia. The analysis of the main ideological postulates of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 allowed concluding that the Soviet State is a typical example of the ideocratic state, which should be interpreted as a social system founded on the dominant ideology. Its basis was the Soviet constitutional identity that predetermined the level of perception and approval of the government actions by the population. Methodological specificities of the analysis of the Soviet political legal doctrine reflected in its logical-theoretical framework and provisions. The logical-theoretical framework was analyzed via morphological (structural) approach that focuses on studying the structure of ideologies on the micro-level. The provisions of the political legal doctrine were reflected in the discussions and discursive practices in terms of the constitutional commission, which were examines in the course of this research via studying speech acts and political language.

Abstract: The internationalist socialist ideas, originated in Europe and reflected in the ideas of Bolsheviks, manifested in the slogan of the right of nations to self-determination. The genesis of such principle using methodology of the history of notions allowed determining the conceptual grounds of the Soviet constitutional project. Prior to the Revolution of 1905, V. I. Lenin started to write on the national self-determination, in which he initially saw the bourgeois and counterrevolutionary content. However, by 1913 Lenin attached the class and proletarian meaning to it, since it became evident to Bolsheviks that tactically the use of bourgeois nationalism may be profitable for integrating the socialist republics into a single union. The period from 1917 to 1921 the principle of sovereign equality of states was recognizes at the party congresses and conferences; in essence, the right to secession for the constituent republics of USSR was formulated. It is worth noting that the aforementioned ideas reflected in the Treaty and Declaration on the Creation of the USSR, and later in the Soviet Constitution, which concept was elaborated in 1922-1923. Namely the question on the form and content of the constitution founding document of the future union became the matter of disputes, as the right of nations to self-determination dictated particular framework for sovereignty of the republics. The article provides a detailed analysis of genesis of the idea of self-determination of the nations in V. I. Lenin’s political doctrine, as well as its implementation in the constitutional doctrine of the future Union State.                   

Abstract: The analysis of the Communism ideology through the prism of the constitutional context is new to the modern historiography. The article views Lenin's state and legal ideology as the basis of legitimizing formula of the Russian Constitution of 1918. The main attention is paid to examination of the influence of political and legal ideas of Marxism-Leninism upon the adoption of the framework law of Soviet Russia alongside the further constitutional consolidation. Leaning on the principles of theory of the ideological morphology, the article  structures the formulation of such concepts in Lenin's teaching as a commune state, dictatorship of the proletariat, proletarian democracy, and state management by workers (the elimination of bureaucracy). From the standpoint of the theory of speech acts, history of terms and concept of the “legal policy”, Marxism-Leninism is analyzed in the context of Russian Constitution of 1918. It is asserted that Bolshevism was a type of social engineering, aimed at the legal and political construction of post-revolutionary reality. Thus, the constitutional commission, established in April 1918, became the de facto instrument for consolidating the basic provisions of the Marxist-Leninist ideology in the first Constitution of the Soviet State. In this context, the realization of Lenin's ideas undergone detailed examination in specific Articles of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918.