Abstract: The object of this research is the phenomenon of cultural genocide of the indigenous people of Canada –  Indians, Inuits, and Métis. Since the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867 and until 1970’s, the government policy was aimed at eradication of ethnocultural specificities of the indigenous people, which irrevocably damaged their cultural and historical heritage, language and art. Special role was assigned to the network of boarding schools, which activity became one of the most tragic moments in the history of Canada. Research methodology contains the works of foreign and Russian authors dedicated to examination of the concepts of cultural genocide and cultural assimilation. The scientific novelty consists in the historical-culturological analysis of the concepts of cultural genocide on the example of the indigenous population of Canada. The following conclusions were made: since the middle of the XIX century, Canada conducts the policy aimed at disruption of the cultural, language, religious, and economic foundations of the indigenous community. The main instrument of cultural genocide became the system of education oriented towards the upbringing of a “new person”, who has forgotten all his aboriginal background, including native culture. Reconciliation with the indigenous people and the revival of their national identity is one of the priority objectives facing Canada in the conditions of the modern multicultural society.