Abstract: The subject of the study is to establish the involvement of smoldering hookah coals in the occurrence of a fire during the production of a forensic fire-technical examination. Currently, there is no universal concretized algorithm for determining the involvement of tobacco smoking devices and hookah coals in the occurrence of a fire for all possible cases of fire. The authors have attempted to combine well-known information about the detection of signs of exposure to combustible materials from a relatively low-power ignition source with the results of experiments and studies of smoldering hookah coals. Two types of hookah coals were selected as objects of research: cubic natural charcoal for hookah, fast-burning cylindrical coal. Cotton fabric, cotton wool, paper, wood (pine), synthetic carpet with fine pile, synthetic carpet with large pile, soft decorative elements with synthetic filling and a pillowcase made of furniture fabric, PVC floor materials (linoleum, PVC tiles), floor panels, lined with polymer films (laminate). In conducting this study, a systematic approach was applied to the analysis of the situation of a fire-related incident, as well as general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods (observation, comparison, description, measurement, analysis and synthesis, etc.) The results of empirical studies confirm the hypothesis of the formation of deep charring zones in places of contact of hookah charcoal with combustible materials (wood, laminated floor coverings). Based on the results of experimental studies, a step-by-step algorithm for constructing versions about the occurrence of a fire from smoldering hookah charcoal is formulated, including focusing the attention of an expert (a person conducting an inspection of the scene of an incident related to a fire) on the need to take into account factors such as the time of the fire and the induction period of ignition, the presence of conditions for heat accumulation, the presence of air exchange, the presence of an air inflow into the smoldering zone, the presence of signs of the dynamics of fire propagation, characteristic of low-power ignition sources. It is noted that the probability of burning from smoldering hookah coal increases in cases where conditions are created for the smoldering process to proceed with minimal heat loss, the possibility of heat accumulation and the presence of an oxidizer (oxygen in the air) in sufficient quantities.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the digitalization of management activities in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The object of the study is the processes taking place in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia during the organization of personnel training, their optimization, as well as the development of the head's tools for working with an array of data in the areas of the organization's activities aimed at reducing the volume of paper document flow, reducing resources for data collection and systematization, obtaining information on the principle of "here and now" according to the currently necessary criterion of the effectiveness of the educational organization.
The authors note that the introduction of digital tools in the activities of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will provide the heads of organizations with the opportunity to obtain operational information to make effective decisions, create conditions for creating a unified system of electronic internal and external document management, while significantly reducing the need for duplication of information on paper for different regulatory structures. As a result of the conducted research, the authors proposed the development of a software product, the main task of which is to provide the head of an educational organization with an effective tool for analyzing the activities of an educational organization. The use of this software product in the activity provides the head of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the opportunity to promptly receive data on all processes occurring in subordinate structural units, increases the efficiency of analyzing this data, provides additional arguments for choosing an effective strategy for the development of the organization, and also provides the organization with the possibility of operational communication and interaction with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Ministry of Education of Russia, the Ministry of Education Russia, training customers, as well as regulatory authorities and organizations.