Abstract: The article deals with the problem of pedagogical talent as a promising area of ​​research in modern foreign pedagogical psychology. It is noted that at present a teacher is recognized as one of the key subjects of the educational process, and the requirements for him include the formation of those views, personality traits, competencies and patterns of behavior with which he would successfully function in changing conditions and solve pedagogical problems of a new type. It is shown that in the Russian psychological-pedagogical literature the problems of pedagogical talent are not sufficiently represented, so there is a need to refer to the results of foreign studies. The goal is to present and analyze foreign psychological approaches to the study of pedagogical talent. Foreign studies on the problem of pedagogical talent are divided into the following: the definition, characteristics and role of pedagogical talent in pedagogical activity; identification of pedagogical talent and its features; technologies of management and development of pedagogical talent. Based on the theoretical analysis of the works, conclusions are drawn about the insufficient conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of pedagogical talent, the definition of pedagogical talent through other personal and professional characteristics of the teacher, the dominance of the competence-based approach in studying this problem, the reliance of researchers on approaches from the field of organizational psychology and labor psychology. The importance of studying modern foreign research for setting topical theoretical and applied problems in the field of educational psychology is substantiated.

Abstract: The authors refer to the history of prerevolutionary psychology in Russia. The national prerevolutionary philosophical psychology is viewed as a special discipline of psychological science at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The article underlines the existence of problem of terminological designation, as well as substantive understanding of psychological ideas of this direction in history of Russian psychology. The authors define philosophical psychology as a broad independent discipline within the national psychological science of the late XIX – early XX centuries, in the context of which develop the ideas of substantiality of soul, irreducible only to the matter and manifesting in various aspects (spiritual, emotional, material, physiological), possessing the qualities of free will and self-comprehension. This theoretical research sets a goal to determine and analyze the concept of Russian philosophical psychology at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Leaning on the ideas of S. S. Gogotsky, V. A. Snegirev, S. N. Trubetskoy, S. L. Frank, G. I. Chelpanov, G. G. Shpet and P. D. Yurkevich, the authors highlight the key provisions of the national prerevolutionary philosophical psychology as an integral approach towards studying human soul: 1) it views soul as a substance, a special dimension of being that cannot be reduced only to the content of consciousness, processes, functions or particular emotional phenomena; 2) it explains the “vitality” of soul, its living flow and constant transformation; 3) it differentiates emotional phenomena from physical, and describes their special characteristics; 4) it defines awareness and rationality as the leading qualities of emotional phenomena; 5) it considers human personality and human “Self” as subject of soul; 6) it is a comprehensive study of soul that includes examination of its different sides (spiritual dimension, emotional dimension (consciousness), physiological responses); it determines self-observation (introspection) as the leading psychological method. The conducted research underlines the relevance of referring to the heritage of philosophical psychology for the history and methodology of psychology, as well as solution of the current scientific, spiritual and practical problems of psychology.