Abstract: For completeness and accuracy of meaning, most of new concepts, both in Russian and in English, are expressed using phrases or compound words. But multicomponent terms, are often quite cumbersome. That is why there is a need to shorten terms and use abbreviations. The object of the study is the phenomenon of abbreviation of English terminology in business and scientific discourse. The subject of the work is the analysis of the structural and semantic features of the abbreviation lexical units, the ways of forming English-language abbreviations and their translation into Russian.
The article uses comparative research method to compare complete terms and their abbreviations to identify structural and semantic transformations; method for analyzing semantic structure of abbreviations to establish their common and distinctive properties; method of contextual analysis to determine the degree of linguistic economy through the use of abbreviations and to identify differences between semantically similar abbreviations.
The novelty of the research lies in the identification, analysis and generalization of ways of education and translation of English-language abbreviations in business and scientific communications. Inaccurate translation of abbreviations can change or distort the intended meaning. To transfer foreign-language abbreviations into Russian, such methods can be used as searching for a translation equivalent, full borrowing of an abbreviation, transliteration, transcription, translation of an abbreviation, translation of an abbreviation and creation of an abbreviation in the translating language, transcription of the letter-by-letter pronunciation of an abbreviation.
Among the main difficulties of translating abbreviations are difficulties in identifying abbreviations and problems of their correlation with complete lexical unit, as well as the phenomenon of homonymy of terminological units.
It is important to take into account the normalization of translated text and its compliance with literary and linguistic norms and cultural traditions of target language.

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the topical issues of interpretation in the social, legal and medical spheres of activity. The author concretized the concept of communal translation, the scope of its application, and considered possible types of this translation.
The object of the study is the translation in the field of social sphere, legal issues, medical care, and interaction with administrative bodies, called community interpreting.
The subject of the study is the analysis of the discursive components of community interpreting on the example of the English language, the ways of implementing this translation and the problems of training community interpreters in the social and legal fields. The interpreter becomes a direct participant and intermediary in the process of interaction between different parties, that requires him to be more responsible for authenticity (i.e. completeness, accuracy and adequacy) and the quality of translation, which cannot be achieved without mobilizing all his knowledge and skills of professional activity.
The article also notes that currently the training of community interpreters is not given due attention. The novelty of the research lies in the identification, analysis and generalization of the features of community interpreting, as well as in the study of the specifics of community interpreting at the present stage as a necessary component of the communicative environment of modern society.
Distinctive features of communal translation are its versatility, wide coverage of various aspects of life, which lead to the use of a variety of terminology, different types of discourses and speech styles, the presence of slang, dialects, and abbreviations of different subjects.
The specialists, who carry out this type of translation, must possess socio-cultural competence along with language and speech knowledge and skills.