Abstract: The purpose of the study is to make special exercises for Chinese students who study simultaneous translation from Russian to Chinese, based on the classical Soviet theory of translation and comparative linguistics. At the moment of simultaneous translation a transformation of a different language system is necessary. Russian language at the level of phonetics, syntax, vocabulary, etc. is very different from the Chinese language — Chinese students inevitably encounter a number of language barriers. The relevance of the research is due to the rapid growth of the need for highly qualified Russian-Chinese simultaneous interpreters against the background of the development of the "One Belt, One Road" program. To overcome such problems, special exercises are required to cultivate the skills and abilities of searching and making translation in conditions of a tight time limit. In order to achieve this research goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: firstly, to formulate the purpose of teaching simultaneous Russian-Chinese translation from the point of view of A. F. Shiryaev; secondly, to compile a series of simultaneous translation exercises based on comparative linguistics.