Abstract: This article attempts to present a philosophical criticism of the phenomenon of risk in entrepreneurship, considering two historically established approaches: economic-management (risk management) or organizational-analytical, and sociocultural (risk as a structure of public expectation). The subject of this research is the concept of “risk” related to the categories of uncertainty, danger, probability and possibility. The general perspective of philosophical understanding of this phenomenon is presented. The object of this research is the sphere of entrepreneurship, mostly independent, private entrepreneurship, which over the past two decades marks rapid growth of investments. The author explores the following aspects: 1) economic structure of the spontaneously generated order; 2) organizational importance of risk management; 3) structure of public expectation of risk as uncertainty or danger, associated with entrepreneurship; 4) description of positive and negative implication of the concept of risk. Comprehensive articulation of the phenomenon of risk in modern society is realized through philosophical generalization of economic importance of the spontaneously generated order (Friedrich Hayek), which contributes to proliferation of entrepreneurship, and allows revealing positive trend in acceptance of risk in modern society via sociological analysis. The scientific novelty consists in determining that the various classifications of the objects of risk in the context of economic-management (organizational) approach are based on the classical definition of market and market relations; this results in the positive meaning of competition and constantly growing employment index in business sector. Having analyzed multiple approaches toward risk situations and phenomenon of uncertainty, the author presents an original approach towards classification of the types of societies depending on acceptance/non-acceptance of the phenomenon of risk.

Abstract: Referring to the two key for Ricœur’s hermeneutics interpretation techniques – philosophical and historical. This article attempts to reconceive the problematic of isolation/proximity of philosophy and historical discipline, considering such methodological changes that determines the formation of historical knowledge in the second half of the XX century. The author assumes that the discernible trend within the modern historical discipline of constant methodological revision of communicative systems allows redefining the critical attitude of hermeneutics towards the unified consumer technologies of the “past”. Research methodology contains the general historical-philosophical analysis of various approaches of the historical disciplines to the concept of the philosophy of history, as well as application of interdisciplinary approach to determining the role of hermeneutics in social sciences. The author reveals the importance of hermeneutics in refocusing of historical discipline from the traditional course towards the communicative theory, which prefers a metaphorical form of the dialogue with the past, rather than its unidirectional research. Based on the criticism of historicist and eschatological approaches to history, the author demonstrates the formation of Ricœur’s ethical position in relation of the aforementioned question. In view of this, the author analyzes the concept of “good subjectivity”.