Abstract: In the conditions of economic globalization and integration, the relevant issues of ensuring sustainable development to the region can be resolve through the international and transnational cooperation. The article analyzes the regulations of state policy of Russia and China in the area of the Arctic environmental protection, as well as attempts to find the vectors of joint activity of the countries. Such analysis demonstrated that the acknowledgement at the highest level of the serious environmental threats testifies to the intention to overcome them. The Russian political doctrine contains an extensive of measures on environmental protection and ensuring sustainable development to the region. The claimed goal can be achieved exceptionally through improving the system of legal regulation of all types of activities in the Arctic. The article also analyzes the positions of the White Paper “The Arctic Policy of China” in the area of environmental protection, dedicated to China’s involvement in solution of the environmental issues of the region. Comparing the political doctrines of Russia and China pertinent to the Arctic environmental protection, the authors underline the similarity of the tasks and goals contained within. Currently, the most topical are the struggle against pollution, preservation of the Arctic ecosystems, and the fight against global warming. Cooperation between the countries can be realized on the basis of international, as well as bilateral agreements. In order to ensure the interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, the authors find reasonable to formulate and sign a separate regional bilateral agreement, dedicated to the problems of environmental protection in the Arctic.