Abstract: The article examines the monuments of ancient fortification, which historically belonged to the distant choir of the Chersonese state since the second half of the IV century BC. Urban and rural settlements with various defensive structures stand out among them. This circumstance is connected with the wide territorial expansion of Chersonesos on the territory of the North-Western Crimea. To date, the interpretation of some monuments remains controversial due to the lack of a thorough analysis of the functions of certain structures and planning structures of fortified settlements. In addition, the role of the fortified settlements of the far Khora of the Chersonese state in the development of vast territories of the Northwestern Crimea remains controversial. The main objective of this study is to examine ancient fortifications from the point of view of the existing archaeological classification and written sources. To correlate the Chersonese fortifications with the existing sections of the archaeological classification, in particular with the concept of "fort", an analysis of defensive functions is used, which, in turn, are manifested in architectural planning solutions and military tactical techniques provided by ancient architects, which we can observe in architectural remains. Based on the results of the study, the author suggests the most versatile integrated approach to the analysis of architectural structures, which opens up opportunities for new historical reconstructions of the defense system of the Hora.

Abstract: The subject of this article is the excavation results from the ancient settlement "Chaika", located in the vicinity of Yevpatoriya (North-Western Crimea). In 2019, the expedition of the History Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University continued its work at the Chaika settlement and the ancient quarry.Late Scythian rooms were examined at the site. Upon the removal of the wall remnants of the rooms, archaeologists uncovered finds dating the preserved layers of this part of the Late Scythian settlement. These are fragments of red-varnished ceramics, “megara” bowls from the end of 2nd - first half of the 1st century B.C.E. Amphorae fragments of Knidos, Sinope and Rhodes date to the same period. Under the Late Scythian building remains archaeologists found the ruins of a Greek complex. In 2019, excavators unearthed two rooms adjacent to the courtyard, which was studied in 2018. The authors applied field research techniques on the Chaika settlement which is traditionally used in excavating ancient settlements. A comparative typological method was also used on the identified objects. Studies in 2019 demonstrated that the new Greek complex underwent two construction periods that date back to the second half of the 4th - 3rd centuries B.C.E.The ancient quarry is located 1.5 km northwest of the Chaika settlement. Excavators cleared areas with traces of a selection of quadras. Two burials have been discovered: a stone chest with a "collective" burial and an amphora burial of a baby. The bones of six individuals were found in the chest. The skeleton of the last buried has been preserved, while the rest of the bones were moved to the wall and laid in disarray. The burial dates to the 4th - 3rd centuries B.C.E. The second burial is in an amphora. The amphora belongs to the Chersonesus center and dates to the end of the 4th - 3rd century B.C.E.