Abstract: The key purpose of this article lies in consideration of the factors of institutionalization of the system of public assistance of elderly population in the modern regions of Russia. The authors examine such aspects as the impact of environmental, macrolevel factors upon the situation among middle age and elderly population; current state of the system of various forms of public support for the elderly people; and their social surrounding. Particular attention is given to the problems of formation of the system of socio-psychological, psychological and moral support, as well as protection of the rights of the middle age and elderly people in various spheres. Methodology is presented by the structural-functional analysis that allows determining institutional conditions forming comfortable environment that contribute to social inclusion of the elderly population into social life. The authors selected the method of structured questionnaire with an option for multiple answers, surveying the population aged 40 and over from the three regions of the Russian Federation: Altai Krai, Zabaykalsky Krai and Kemerovo Oblast. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the acquisition of new data characterizing the institutional conditions of the system of public assistance for the elderly people. The population believes that the government on the legislative level has created fairly comfortable conditions for the life of retirees, associated mostly with ensuring social guarantees, benefits, compensations, and so on. However, the establishment of the system of moral and psychological support of the elderly, as well as protection of their rights in various spheres is not well developed in the Russian society, and would manifest as a depriving factor associated with the exclusion of elderly population from the system of socio-communicative relations and depreciation of the social values of the status of elderly person.