Abstract: Currently, Russian faces the challenge imposed by global transformation, transition towards “digital society”; and with each day, the role of innovations and rapid scientific and technical progress increases. Innovations become an immense part of life not only of global community, each country or economic entity, but every person as well. Innovation define the level of socioeconomic development of the state and are the cornerstone of its growth; they also become the foundation for country’s competitiveness and security on the global arena. Besides the traditional factors of economic growth and socioeconomic development of a country, the importance gains the qualitative content of growth rates, implementation of the new economic methods and production technologies in the real economic sector – business. The author applied the systemic-analytical method for studying the links and relationship between the elements of innovation system – business and the state; comparative method for determining the peculiarities of formation and realization of innovation policy in Russia, United States, and France. As of today, Russia has formed all essential elements of innovation system; both, business and the state overcome challenges imposed by the established model of the organization of cooperation – contrariety of interests and establishment of dialogue between business and the state.