Abstract: The subject of this article is the specifics of staffing the leadership of the special camps of the NKVD/MVD, which existed on the territory of East Germany in 1945-1950. The indicators obtained as a result of the creation and processing of the database of the leadership of the special camps are analyzed. The information potential of the created database accumulating information from the studied array of documentary sources is characterized. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the following characteristics of the senior staff of special camps, reflecting the career trajectories of employees: departmental origin; previous service experience; promotion in the system of special camps; partisanship and party seniority. In addition, through the analysis of identified archival sources, general changes in the staffing of special camps and their personnel structure are considered. Based on the queries constructed to the database and the analysis of the information structured in it, the general and specific essential characteristics of the senior staff of special camps in their dynamics are revealed. The research is based on database methods and technologies closely related to the tradition of using quantitative methods in historical research. By its type, the created database is a datalogical relational model consisting of tables connected to each other. The database was created in the Microsoft Access database management system program. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time, on the basis of a wide range of archival sources, using database methods and technologies, such a little-studied problem in historiography as staffing of NKVD/MVD special camps in East Germany is considered comprehensively. A relational database created as part of the study, containing information about 80 senior employees of the special camps system, made it possible to identify the principles of filling the senior staff. It is shown that the staffing was heterogeneous. Its sources were both directly the structures of the NKVD/Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as well as the SMERSH counterintelligence units and purely army structures. It is noted that non-core personnel were actively involved due to the constant shortage of personnel in the system of special camps, which became a characteristic feature of their functioning outside the USSR, in the occupied territory.

Abstract: The subject of the study in this article is the dynamics of changes in the national composition of various categories of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, the object of the study is the summary albums of socio—demographic data of the list of the Red Army, compiled in the period under review in the General Staff with a frequency of once every six months in a single copy as a generalizing reference material for the top leadership of the state and the armed forces. The purpose of this work is to analyze the changes in the national composition of various categories of Red Army servicemen (commanding officer (since 1943 - officer), junior commanding officer (since 1943 – sergeant), enlisted and cadet personnel) that occurred from mid-1942 to early 1945 (this period is determined by availability of source data). Based on the nature of the source under study, the research approach is based on the use of cluster analysis – one of the most well-known methods of multidimensional statistical analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, using cluster analysis, an analysis of statistics from albums of socio-demographic data of the Red Army roster during the Great Patriotic War, which became available to researchers only in 2017 and have not yet been fully introduced into scientific circulation, was carried out.
The analysis revealed the main directions of changes in the national composition of the Red Army, in particular, general and special in the dynamics of the distribution of servicemen of various nationalities by military categories. The conducted research has shown that this source has a very high information potential for statistical research on changes in the national composition of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War.

Abstract: The article characterizes Soviet prisoners of NKVD/MVD special camps located in East Germany in 1945-1950. On the basis of a relational database created the author analyzes gender, age and nationality of Soviet citizens (special camp prisoners) as well as their distribution according to articles of conviction, sentences and places in the camps on the USSR's territory. The sources are documents of the fund of the special camp department stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. First of all, these are the so called echelon lists of convicted prisoners. The main methods of the study are database methods and technologies. They are used to structure the archival information about Soviet special camps prisoners and characterize them. Until now the studies about the history of special camps have somewhat ignored Soviet prisoners who made up a big part of the total number of prisoners since the extensive German historiography mainly have addressed Stalinist repressions against the Germans living in the Soviet zone of Germany occupation. The article concludes that with regard to Soviet prisoners special camps were a place of temporary detention and preservation of labor balance demanded by Gulag economy.