Abstract: The subject of this research is the impact of the established socioeconomic situation upon the interethnic relations in the Republic of Buryatia. Despite the fact that throughout the long period of time, interethnic relations retain stability, demonstrating a fairly high level of tolerance in the Republic comparing with some regions, the threats of conflicts do exist. And among them, is the unfavorable economic situation in the regions, characterized by the low indexes of region’s socioeconomic development. Buryatia is a beneficiary region, which of course, negatively affects the level and quality of life of the population, and does not contribute into the propitious development of interethnic relations. The article provides the results of study aimed at creation of the expert panel on assessment of the interethnic and Interconfessional relations in the Republic of Buryatia. The authors analyzes the expert evaluations regarding the nature and level of influence of the economic factor upon the interethnic relations. Socioeconomic situation does not manifest as a decisive factor of interethnic relations. However, it is noted that the formulation of national projects of economic development that allow improving the socioeconomic situation, will make its input into optimization of the interethnic relations.