Abstract: The subject of this research is the agrarian scientific heritage of the German Professor of Agriculture Carl Joseph Birnbaum, whose work “Guidance to Agriculture” achieved special prominence on Russia; the formation of surrounded him academic community and associated with it discourse; and the determination of scholar’s contribution into the development of agrarian science. The “Guidance to Agriculture” contains the theoretical bases of agricultural activity, and determination of important factors and circumstances affecting the progress of agriculture. Using the general scientific and special research methods, the authors note that C. Birnbaum through the profound retrospective analysis of the development of agrarian production of various peoples deduces the concept of the formation of state from the evolution of agriculture. A conclusion is made that the agrarian views of C. Birnbaum became a substantial breakthrough in establishment of the scientific methodology in agrarian sphere, as the questions discusses by the scholars and proposed for consideration within academic community of that time, remain relevant nowadays. Trying to develop his research strategy, C. Birnbaum analyzes the factors affecting the efficient agrarian production, among which he lists the labor, capital and land, as well as reasons on possibility of their mutually beneficial synthesis in the context of agricultural industry.

Abstract: This article examines the role of the institutions of civil society in the sphere of agricultural sector of the European countries and France in particular in the XIX century. The author reviews the problems of cooperation between the French society and the government on solution of the socioeconomic problems of the late XIX century in the historical perspective.  Special attention is given to the public agricultural organization as the forms of civil participation in reformation of the agricultural sector, as well as to the normative legal support of the social structures participating in regulation of the agricultural relations. The author concludes that the establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture in France was justified by the formed crisis situation within the agricultural sector.  It is underlined that the agricultural societies and Agricultural Chambers as the expression of self-organization of the citizens walked a long path of its establishment and development, and not just monitored the work of the executive authorities, but also actively participated in the solution of agricultural problems.

Abstract: The 2014 marks the 120th anniversary of the establishment of the first autonomous agricultural department in Russia – the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. The subject of this research is the organizational-legal and theoretical aspects of establishment of this Ministry, which in the XIX century undergone several historical stages of its formation. The author emphasizes that for a prolonged period of time the management of agriculture was not recognized as an independent branch of government administration. The issue of agricultural modernization was never more pressing than during the years of agrarian crises. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the analysis of the various approaches and reform projects of the administrative agricultural system, the uniting foundation of which was the common goal – establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture. A conclusion is made that this department has been viewed as one of the components of the mechanism of legal regulation of the agricultural activity at the end of XIX and beginning of XX century, a guarantee of a unified nationwide policy in the area of agriculture.

Abstract: The 2014 marks the 120th anniversary of the establishment of the first autonomous agricultural department in Russia – the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property. The subject of this research is the organizational-legal and theoretical aspects of establishment of this Ministry, which in the XIX century undergone several historical stages of its formation. The author emphasizes that for a prolonged period of time the management of agriculture was not recognized as an independent branch of government administration. The issue of agricultural modernization was never more pressing than during the years of agrarian crises. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the analysis of the various approaches and reform projects of the administrative agricultural system, the uniting foundation of which was the common goal – establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture. A conclusion is made that this department has been viewed as one of the components of the mechanism of legal regulation of the agricultural activity at the end of XIX and beginning of XX century, a guarantee of a unified nationwide policy in the area of agriculture.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the historical experience of the establishment of the US department of agriculture, which was tasked with devising a strategy for developing the farming industry and regulating the agricultural relations. Its role in increasing the efficiency of farming and transference of scientific knowledge onto the farming environment became one of its most important roles in agricultural transformations of the country in the second half of the XIX century, and still maintains its relevance even today. A special attention is given to the ideas of George Washington, who’s theoretical and practical findings later formed the understanding of the role of the administrative agricultural establishments in development of the agricultural sector of the economy. The author’s contribution into the research of this topic is the attempt to reconstruct the process of the search for ways to optimize the administration of farming and agriculture. Since the primary direction of the work of the USDA is the implementation of scientific and practical projects in the area of agriculture, the author concludes that there are similarities between this department and the Ministry of Cultivation and State Property of the Russian Empire.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the historical experience of the establishment of the US department of agriculture, which was tasked with devising a strategy for developing the farming industry and regulating the agricultural relations. Its role in increasing the efficiency of farming and transference of scientific knowledge onto the farming environment became one of its most important roles in agricultural transformations of the country in the second half of the XIX century, and still maintains its relevance even today. A special attention is given to the ideas of George Washington, who’s theoretical and practical findings later formed the understanding of the role of the administrative agricultural establishments in development of the agricultural sector of the economy. The author’s contribution into the research of this topic is the attempt to reconstruct the process of the search for ways to optimize the administration of farming and agriculture. Since the primary direction of the work of the USDA is the implementation of scientific and practical projects in the area of agriculture, the author concludes that there are similarities between this department and the Ministry of Cultivation and State Property of the Russian Empire.