Abstract: The paper describes the prerequisites of formation and establishment of the system of indirect holding of securities. The article reflects the impact of dematerialization and immobilization processes on the formation of the modern recording system. The author defines the key qualifying functions of the recording system and describes the varieties of recording systems. Particular attention is given to the formation of the modern recording system in the Russian Federation and the comparative analysis of this process with similar processes in foreign countries. The author also gives attention to the origins of legal problems connected with cross-border transfer of securities. With regard to the research subject, goals and tasks, the author uses the comparative-legal method of research. The author also applies law of conflicts and the material-legal methods. In the author’s opinion, the acquired information will provide insight into the purpose of depository system and its functions and will help find out the prerequisites of formation and possible variants of development of collision problems connected with cross-border transfer and recording of securities in indirect holding and will help assess similar processes in the Russian Federation. 

Abstract: The article is devoted to the indirect holding system formed in the Republic of Germany as well as legal problems arising in this indirect holding system. It is established that the main feature of German indirect holding system is the co-ownership right to the securities held in safe custody. The main characteristics of this co-ownership model were identified and described in the article. Moreover, the author also analyzes situations with legal uncertainty that may be caused by the indirect holding system model. The ways to resolve this uncertainty in case study and in doctrine are specifically considered. In addition, the author also touches upon the questions of cross-border transactions of securities. The main research method chosen by the author is the comparative law analysis. According to the author, analysis of Germany's experience in accounting and securities turnover is of great scientific interest for further discussion and development of cross-border securities turnover regulation in the Russian Federation. The author describes traditional conflicts of law rules applicable to these issues as well as new international and EU approaches to the matter. The influence of the new conflict of law approaches to the German law is the subject of this article. In conclusion the author makes necessary comments about the future of German indirect holding system and possible ways of its modernization. 

Abstract: The object of this research is the formation and development of the PRIMA connection factor aimed at regulation of the relations associated with the transboundary transaction of the bonds. Currently, there is no single contentious approach for resolution of such issues.  The national substantive law and/or conflict of laws is most often implemented in practice. The formulated in 2000’s contentious principle of PRIMA, including its modifications, suggested by the Hague Convention on securities, is in need for further improvements and is not currently applied by the participants of the stock market. In absence of a single approach, the risk of invalidity of, for example, law selected by the parties in the aforementioned relations is rather high. The main goal of this work consist in determination of which law will be implemented for the regulation of certain relations. Due to the fact that conflict of laws method is capable to distinguish the applicable law, although the specific disposition, hypothesis or sanction of legal relation will be contained in the substantive norms of the selected in correspondences with the conflict of laws method of legal order, the author use the substantive legal method in this research. The main result of this work lies in the analysis of various options of the connection element PRIMA, determination of its positive and negative aspects (including the risks associated with the use of one or another option), as well as future direction of the development for regulation of the assigned area of relations.