Abstract: Building construction in the regions with severe climatic conditions must pay considerable attention to the questions of heat preservation and minimization of heat loss through the external enclosing structures. The article analyzes the main sources heat leakage through translucent enclosing structures and determines that the best course of action is to reduce heat loss via window structure through the use of an effective glass unit. There are three main ways to increase the reduced resistance to heat transfer of a glass unit. Reducing methods of heat transfer, which occurs by convection and radiation, are discussed in detail. The reasons for the emergence of the need to use energy-efficient technologies, as well as global experience in the development and use energy-efficient double-glazed windows are given. The climatic conditions of populated areas of Siberia are compared with the climatic conditions of populated areas of Canada and it is established that the cold in Canadian and Russian territories is almost the same, but their north is deserted, the population is concentrated on the southern border. Thus, populated areas of Siberia have more severe climatic conditions, which is one of the factors that it is necessary not just to learn from foreign experience in using energy-efficient technologies, but to adapt them to more severe weather conditions.

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This article provides the basic principles that must be adhered to for establishing the comfortable indoor microclimate and ensuring the longevity of building structures in designing the residential and public buildings in the northern latitudes. The authors analyse the issues associated with the inappropriate account of physical processes within the building envelopes and structures in the severe natural and climatic conditions, such as low temperatures the whole year, long polar night and polar day, reduces air humidity in the central part of the Far North, strong winds and snowstorms. The article describes the consequences of the negative impact of inadmissible parameters of indoor microclimate upon the human health, named the “sick building syndrome”. The work presents the review of the literature on building engineering in the northern latitudes, which demonstrated that the majority of the articles are dedicated to the use of effective construction supplies, as well as peculiarities of engineering of buildings from the standpoint of architecture and structural engineering. The questions of consideration of the physics of environment and building envelopes are covered insufficiently.
 
 

Abstract: The article provides an overview and analysis of research in the field of energy-efficient translucent walling, which results were published in the Russian literature over the last decade. The authors determine the relevant issues and promising directions of the research in this field. There is a significant amount of publications in the area of heat transfer and energy efficiency of the translucent constructs. This work reviews the articles published not earlier than 2008 and included into the database of the Russian index of scientific citations, as well as list of the journals recommended Higher Attestation Commission. The conducted overview of the literature allowed determining that the most attention is given to the translucent constructs with solar screens, as well as insulated glazing with low-emissivity glass. This direction is the most promising and relevant at the present stage. The analysis of the existing publications demonstrated that the articles do not examine the questions about the longevity of insulated glazing filled with inert gas, as well as there is lack of research in optimization of insulated glazing from the perspective of energy efficiency and economic purposefulness.