Abstract: The authors analyze the meaning of didactics as the paramount branch of the modern scientific-pedagogical knowledge, which is called to determine and solve the existing problems of modern education system. It is substantiated that in formation of the basic concept of the content of education it is necessary to rely upon the requirements of the corresponding branch, for which a specialist is being prepared for in the higher educational establishment. The article briefly reviews the modern approaches to the question of didactic content of general disciplines taught in the higher education establishment in the context of formation of competences aimed at development of the professional skills and knowledge. The author conducts a pedagogical experiment for validating the efficiency of the proposed methodology of developing the practice-oriented didactic supply of mathematical course for the future specialists of agricultural sector. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the professionally oriented didactic support of mathematical course can certainly have a positive effect on the improvement of education quality and more successful formation of the professional competencies of agronomic majors. The experiment revealed the promising methodical opportunities for further improvement of the quality of educational process aimed at preparing modern specialists, whose level of competencies fully meets the expectations of the potential employer and the demands of job market.