Abstract: The subject of the study is the analysis of the construction of social reality in Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit". The form of representation of social life found by Hegel acted as one of the prerequisites for the formation of modern socio-humanitarian knowledge. The author seeks to show that Hegel's overcoming of the idea of the immediacy of social relations as a subject of philosophical consideration is a decisive moment in the formation of the method of social and humanitarian sciences. The construction of social reality, which replaces the uncritical perception of society as an object as accessible to observation as natural objects, opens up the possibility of a consistent, methodically verified disclosure of the essential characteristics of social life.   The study establishes that Hegel presents the described forms of social reality as necessary steps for the movement of the spirit to self-knowledge. The basis for the assertion of the natural nature of the processes of formation of social relations is their belonging to the sphere of self-consciousness. Thus, consciousness pushes its boundaries, overcomes singularity, establishing social reality as a sphere in which the spirit is able to reveal the concreteness of substance. The topic under consideration has not only philosophical and systematic significance, the article shows that Hegel justifies the possibility of overcoming subjective ("evaluative") approaches to the consideration of social life associated with the idea of the immediacy of social relations, reveals the necessary nature of the formation of social reality and its comprehension in various forms of the spirit. The method of constructing sociality presented in the "Phenomenology of Spirit" ensures the cognizability of social life by rational means and the evidentiary nature of social and humanitarian knowledge.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the correlation between “Phenomenology of Spirit” and “Aesthetics” as the elements of Hegelian philosophical system. The author establishes the dependence of the “Phenomenology of the Spirit” on the original idea of the philosopher, which implied the course of lectures on aesthetics. The task is set to examine the impact of the work that grew out of this idea, observed in the first part of the “System of Science” upon the course of aesthetics read by Hegel in Heidelberg and Berlin, and reflected in the prepared for publication “Aesthetics”. Special attention is given to the influence of the Hegel’s aesthetic theory of phenomenological methods, namely its role in solution of the problem of substantiation the meaning of aesthetic reasoning. This article is first in the Russian literature to analyze the role of phenomenological method in the establishment of Hegelian aesthetics. The acquired results include the determination of general philosophical and phenomenological grounds for excluding the “beautiful in nature” from aesthetics as a philosophical discipline, substantiation of the role of the concept of the observer formation of the method of studying art, indication of the place of the concept of visuality in Hegel's aesthetics, as well as demonstration of the conceptual and stylistic uniformity of the texts of “Phenomenology of Spirit” and “Aesthetics”. The article also explains the dependence of Hegel’s understanding of the possibility of philosophical study of art on the “Phenomenology of Spirit”, and thus, interpretation of the status of aesthetics as a philosophical discipline.

Abstract: This article explores the Hegelian concept of cognition of the history of culture reflected in the “Phenomenology of the Spirit” in the image of Lady Destiny. Therefore, the author offers a new translation version of one of the fragments of Hegel's “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which is of fundamental importance for understanding the message of the work and its structure. Special attention is given to the Hegelian perspective on historical cognition, peculiarities of the language of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, and the role of imagery in describing the “experience of consciousness”. The author substantiates the statement that recognition of the universal correlations and integrity of history serves as the prerequisite for its comprehensibility. The article indicates the dependence of the developed by Hegel concept of nature and purpose of the philosophy on his doctrine of historical consciousness. A detailed analysis is conducted on the image of Lady Destiny and its role within the conceptual structure of the “Phenomenology of the Spirit”. The author describes the role of this image in the Hegelian concept of cognitions of the history of culture, analyzes the place of imagery means in describing the experience of consciousness, adjusts the traditional representations on the nature and peculiarities of the system of Hegel's philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of personal aspect in the Hegelian concept of historical cognition and it correlation with the central for Hegel’s philosophy intuition of history as a complete whole. The research employs a set of historical-philosophical methods, as well as comparative analysis of the historical-cultural phenomena. In translation of the Hegelian text, the author resorts to etymology for clarification of the available Russian translations.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the methodology and practice of the historical-philosophical activity reflected in the book by I. A. Ilyin “The Philosophy of Hegel as a Doctrine of the Concreteness of God and Humanity”. The author attempts to demonstrate that Ilyin’s concept contains the ideas that can be adequately understood considering the development of hermeneutics in the XIX-XX centuries. Special attention is given to Ilyin’s attitude towards romantic hermeneutics and the concept of “substantive understanding”. The research is based on a set of the traditional historical-philosophical methods, hermeneutic methodology, and the tradition of comparative analysis of historical-cultural phenomena. The article substantiates a thesis that the fundamental hermeneutic ideas of historical-philosophical concept of I. A. Ilyin on the need for independent vision of a subject that received reflection in the philosophical concept, and the necessity of reproducing the “soulful-spiritual” experience of the philosopher, as the conditions for understanding his doctrine, connect only through the method of “consciousness' experience” formulated in the “Phenomenology of Spirit”.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the Hegelian concept of history of culture examined with consideration of the difference between “reconstruction” and “integration” as the key approaches towards the problem of historical knowledge within the framework of philosophical hermeneutics. The author highlights the phenomenological, speculative, and pragmatic models of understanding of the history of culture, which sequentially came into the fore in philosopher’s works during the evolution of his views upon the structure of the system of philosophy, as well as determines the prerequisites of the impact of the model of knowledge of the history of culture presented in the “Phenomenology of Spirit” upon the establishment of the concept of philosophical hermeneutic. The selected point of view on the specificity of understanding of the history of culture in Hegel’s philosophy, allows defining the main models of Hegelian historicism, as well as pose a question about the formation of their unity. The author concludes that the formulated in the “Phenomenology of Spirit” concept of “integration” retained the fundamental meaning for Hegel’s philosophy throughout his entire creative path.

Abstract:  
This article presents the analysis of Gadamer’s relation to the philosophical heritage of Hegel. The author attempts to demonstrate that Gamader’s contemplation of the points of Hegelian philosophy, in which his aspirations intersect with the content of dialectic-speculative system of Hegel, are capable of substantially specifying the characteristic for the philosophical hermeneutics understanding of historicism.  The article highlights the moments of similarity and differences between the positions of the philosophers, particularly examines Gadamer’s criticism of Hegelian teaching about reflection and structure of the phenomenological experience, as well as demonstrates the importance of the “Phenomenology of Spirit” for comprehending the regularities of development of storyline in “Truth and Method” in one of its key aspects. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of the idea about the crucial importance of Gadamer’s apprehension of Hegelian philosophy for structuring the philosophical hermeneutics as an independent way of philosophizing within the context of post-classical philosophy. At the same time, the author underlines that the criticism of separate elements of Hegel’s system in “Truth and Method” should not interrupt the profound closeness of the thinkers in understanding the character of mediation of history and modernity.  
 

Abstract: This article suggest the analysis of the selected chapters of G. G. Shpet’s work “Wisdom or Reason”, which goal lies in demarcation of the three groups of arguments that the Russian thinker proposed as a substantiation of the ability of philosophy as a “clear knowledge”, as well as their assessment from the perspective of the modern perceptions about the specificity of philosophical knowledge. The first two groups associated with Shpet’s proximity to the phenomenological movements and his ideas about the place of philosophy in the world culture, can be considered “subjective”, certainly personal preferences of the author. The conclusion on the consistency of Shpet’s concept stands on the evaluation of the arguments that are addressed in the article as “universal”, independent from the circumstances of time and choice of the author. The article highlights the closeness the shared by Shpet concept of phenomenological philosophy with the principles of Hegelian “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which in the era of accomplishment of the classical European philosophy, manifested as the foundation for philosophy as a “clear knowledge” (“System of sciences”). The author also reveals the differences of the two concepts of phenomenology, which make it impossible for Shpet to return to the initial ideal of philosophy and encourage admitting the important role of the extratheoretical components of the philosophy (“wisdom”).

Abstract: The subject of this article is the original interpretation of Hegelian philosophy, which was suggested by A. D. Vlasov two decades ago, but remains non-demanded within the Russian historical-philosophical science. The author gives characteristic to the peculiarities of the forms and content of A. D. Vlasov’s work, as well as highlights certain aspects that can activate the research of Hegelian heritage by the Russian historians of philosophy. The article particularly examines A. D. Vlasov’s ideas on the boundaries of Hegel’s philosophical system, its composition, specificities of the structure of thingness of the “Phenomenology Of Spirit” and its method. This work is first to analyze the Hegelian-studies concept that significantly differs from Marxist approach towards examination of Hegel’s philosophy dominant during the Soviet time, as well as the “scientific Hegelian studies” of the latest decades, within the framework of which is rejected the possibility of raising a question about the “synchronic” connections in Hegelian system of philosophy. The author attempts to prove that the application of suggested by A. D. Vlasov ideas can contribute into rethinking of the theoretical content of Hegelian philosophy and its place within the history of philosophy and culture.

Abstract: This article explores the relation of A. F. Losev to the transcendental understanding of being in the philosophy of Hegel. Basing on the observation of V. O. Troitsky, according to which the Russian philosopher avoids using the notion of “haecceity”, the author reveals the position of A. F. Loves regarding Hegel’s philosophy, as well as underlines the specificities of Russian philosophy in the global historical-philosophical process. Special attention is given to the analysis of Hegel’s concept of the structure of reasoning, as well as Losev’s doctrine on correlation of the symbol and artistic image. The author proves that the noted by the Russian researcher peculiarity of Losev’s use of the philosophical terminology is caused by the nonrandom factors, but rather its fundamental position on the key issue of ontology. For the first time in scientific literature, the author reveals the peculiarities of the aesthetical doctrines of the German and Russian philosophers that are substantiated by their ontological preferences. This work also reconstructs the historical-cultural context of the differences, detected between the philosophers, in the assessments of opportunity regarding the philosophical cognition of the Absolute.

Abstract: This article substantiates the opinion that the end of “Introduction” to the “Phenomenology of Spirit” by Hegel contains a mistype, which by the philosopher nor by the researchers of his works. During the process of solution of this task, the author analyzes the structure of the phenomenological thingness and the dynamics of the “experience of consciousness”; specificities of language and style of the “Phenomenology of Spirit”; historical and biographical facts of the philosopher’s creative path that important for the proper understanding of the composition’s concept; as well as the conjecture suggested in the examined piece in the end of the previous century by Georg Lasson. The study of the detected in Hegel’s text difficulty is based on the author’s original understanding of the specificity of the phenomenological narration, in which he gradually distinguish the point of view of the observing consciousness (of the author and the reader) from the point of view of the consciousness-object. This article presents the solution for one of the most significant difficulties in the text of the “Phenomenology of Spirit”, which is yet to be analyzed within the Russian and foreign historical-philosophical literature. The acquired result demonstrates the methodological efficiency of the developed over the years author’s interpretation of Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit”.

Abstract: This article discusses the possible ways of improvement of the existing translations of Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” into the Russian language, as well as underlines the necessity to consider the stylistic specificities of description of the experience of consciousness in transmission of Hegelian thought. Special attention is given to the problem of status of the philosophical categories in Hegel’s text, correlation between the speech of observing consciousness and observed consciousness, ways of distinguishing in narration of the subject of consciousness (existence) from its certainty (knowledge). Because of this, the conceptual foundation for the crucially new translation of the “Phenomenology of Spirit” is being established.  The methodology of this research is based on the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the dialogical character of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, consideration of the grammar and stylistic peculiarities of the German and Russian languages, as well as analysis of the role of the philosophical categories in the modern philosophical discourse.

Abstract:  This article discusses the problem of correlation between ethics and religion, considering K. N. Leontiev’s concept of “transcendental egoism” and the disputes about the role of moral in culture, which took place in Russia of the late XIX century due to the works of Dostoevsky and other Russian writers. The author determines the specificity of ethical and religious consciousness, underlines the difficulty of their possible harmonic combination, and substantiates the necessity of turning to the analysis of the existed in the history of culture assessments of the problem of correlation between ethics and religion for better understanding of the processes that appear in the modern Russian society.  The author points out the need for consideration of the universality of ethnical consciousness, which hinders the interpretation of the moral as one of the components of religious culture. The innovative character of the conducted analysis manifests in comparison of the concept of “transcendental egoism” with the approach of “autonomous ethics” towards the substantiation of morality and utilization of the extensive historical-philosophical and historical-cultural context.  

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the search for the optimal combination of the creative and biographical components in reflection of a life path of the philosophers based on the example of Hegel. The importance of solution of this task is associated with the unacceptability within the historical-philosophical science of the replacement of analysis of the inner content of the philosophical doctrines by the reproduction of the biographical and socio-historical connections, as well as disregard for the “vital” aspects in description of the philosopher’s creative work. In particular, the article underlines the connection between the evolution of the Hegelian project of the system of philosophy with the teaching activity of the thinker, which encouraged to shift from the project “System of Science” to the encyclopedic model of building the system of philosophy. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the need for clarification of the established within the historical-philosophical science approaches to the description of the life path of the thinker. Making an accent on the meaningful aspects of Hegel’s creative work as the basis of his “conceptual biography”, the author understands the dangers associated with the unilateral execution of such approach. In this regard, the author attempts to reconstruct the connections of the biographical facts with the inner content of Hegel’s most important compositions, first and foremost – the “Phenomenology of Spirit”.
 

Abstract: The article is devoted to the transformation of the form and style of philosophical writing in culture over the past two centuries. The author of the article demonstrates the crucial importance of appealing to the experience of discussing the relationship between thought and word in philosophy after Kant, describes new factors influencing philosophical provisions in culture and emphasizes the need for the analysis of the relationship between conceptual and expressive means in the philosophy of Kant, German romanticists and Hegel. In his research the author has used the methods of historical and philosophical reconstruction and analysis, comparative historical and sociological methods and defined the main trends in the evolution of philosophical methods and the means of their expression in philosophical texts. The researcher proves the methodological and stylistic singularity of the Phenomenology of Spirit where the search for a new image of the authentic language of philosophy is based on studying the 'experience of mind' synthesizing the material obtained through spiritual human activity. The author underlines that these are the nettlesome issues for the philosophical community today due to the changed social and information environment as well as the need to find a new image of philosophical writing and communication within the philosophical community.