Abstract: This article base on the material of Bible examines the questions that in one or another way align with the globalization and modernization processes, which in the author’s opinion, have been taking place back in the ancient Jewish culture. Moses had given the Commandments to previous generations, which are still followed by the entire civilized humanity. He teaches us how to coordinate the means and goals of social practice in order to make it efficient. As far as Jesus, he discovered for the humanity the new ways of moral and intellectual improvements, as well as indicated the social ideals to the world achieved only through altruism and nonviolence. And most importantly, he is the first out of the thinkers of Ancient East to understand the need for unification of people all over the world on the basis of humanistic principles, which today are applied in globalization politics by both, the believers and atheists. Texts of the Old and New Testaments manifest as the specific examples of reasoning of the socio-philosophical nature. At the same time, the author uses the information accumulated by the historical science. Special attention is given to the examination of the indicated process as a necessary consequence of the religious-political (the times of Moses) and religious-ethical (the era of Christ’s ministry) practice. The article analyzes the similarities and differences of the work of the Prophet and the Messiah. The study of this question was carried out in the aspect of globalization-modernization paradigm.