Abstract: The subject of the present research is the history of the genesis and development of the emancipatory systems thinking in terms of interpretation of social processes and critical systems approach. The author of the article examines the methods and approaches united by the idea of critical systems heuristics as well as the general aspiration to mobilize potential for critical review of established social and political doctrines through questioning authoritarian features of the modern world and demonstrating the ways towards transformation of these features. The author also touches upon the problem of the 'relativist' type of managing, arranging and using sytems methods in the organizational analysis. The method of the research is based on the analysis of the critical approach practiced by the Frankfurt School, especially Jürgen Habermas and his critics of technical and practical knowledge as well as their aplicability to the emancipatory systems management. In his research Loktionov provides an insight into the ideas of critical systems heuristics and the concepts of organizational ideology that develop a critical attitude to the ideological grounds of various systems approaches. The author also demonstrates that modern systems theory of management, especially emancipatory systems approach, have roots in Jurgen Habermas' theory of different kinds of knowledge. 

Abstract: Object of research of this work is the criticism of application of the critical theory and critical (emansipatsionny) system approach in the theory of management and modern concepts of development of society in general. The review of the criticism which is "external" in relation to the critical theory and, therefore, calling in question its philosophical and methodological bases and "internal" who is generally kindly adjusted in relation to the critical theory is provided and concentrates the attention on difficulties which the critical theory meets during implementation of the research program. Method of research is detection of distinctions between criticism "external" in relation to the critical theory and calling in question its philosophical and methodological bases and "internal" which is generally positively adjusted in the relation to the critical theory. The conclusion that critical system approach is based on various assumptions of the nature of society developed in other system approaches is drawn and acknowledges the possibility of contradictions in social systems, existence of the conflicts and suppression of one groups of interests by others. Is shown that to the relation to other system methodologies critical system approach inherently anticipates development of the complementarist approaches.

Abstract: Object of research of this work is the history of the Frankfurt school in aspect of its attitude towards treatments of public processes and critical system approach. The subjects and approaches of school united round the general aspiration to mobilize the potential of critical consideration of the settled socio-political dogmas are investigated, calling in question authoritative lines of the modern world and specifying ways of their transformation by means of "not authoritative and nonbureaucratic policy". Problems of management, the organization and use of system methods in the organizational analysis are investigated. The following is distinguished from them: (a) dialectics of an era of Education; (b) one-dimensionality and consumerism of the developed capitalist societies; (c) criticism of a technocracy; (d) communication actions. The technique is based on research of critical approach of the Frankfurt school, in particular Yu. Habermasa and his critic of technical and practical knowledge, and their applicability to system management. In work the short history of emergence and development of the Frankfurt school is stated, and also is shown that modern system theories of management, in particular such as gentle system approach and critical (emansipatsionny) system approach in - much grow from J. Habermas's theory about various types of knowledge, and his critics of a modern technocracy.