Abstract: The status of women often picked the curiosity of the thinkers who dedicated themselves to the development of projects of social transformations. Auguste Comte, in his positivist concept, draws particular attention to consideration of the status and role of women in the proclaimed by him new historical era – the positivist stage in the development of humanity. However, the national sociological science has yet not paid due attention to this topic. The subject of this article is the specifics of the status and role of women from the perspective of positivist sociology of Auguste Comte. The comparative-historical analysis of the views of A. Comte upon the specifics of the status and role of women at the various stage of his works became the method of this research. The discrepancy in the female social functions at theological, metaphysical, and positive stage of social development is determines. The authors systematize the philosopher’s views regarding the question of gender equality; give characteristic to the “cult of woman” as a specific designation by A. Comte of female status at the positive stage; as well as determine the woman’s functions as a subject of social transformations.

Abstract: This article provides the results of comparative analysis of academic genres in the Russian and foreign practice on the example of Ph.D. and Doctoral dissertations. The object of this research is the structure of dissertation. In the course of this study, the authors put forwards the following hypotheses: differences in the structure of dissertation is defined by the differences in philosophy and methodology of science; the texts of sociological dissertations in the Russian language more often have references to the classical works, including from other fields of humanitarian knowledge. The authors conduct an analysis on sociology of the defended dissertations in the Russian Federation and the United States over the period from 2010 to 2016. The selection of dissertations was carried out of the electronic database of dissertations upheld in the United States (ProQuest Digital Dissertations and Theses) and presented on the website of the Higher Attestation Commission. The conducted analysis of the structure of dissertations demonstrated that they could be presented as two logical schemes: theory-practice-theory (Russian language academic genre) and practice-theory-practice (English language academic genre). The scheme of structuring argumentation also differs: the Russian authors first demonstrate the analysis of previously conducted research, starting from the classical philosophical writings, and only then enunciate their original philosophical concepts; while the Western sociologists use references to the works of other author only to confirm their theses.

Abstract: Sociological diagnostics of the competencies is a fairly new branch in diagnostics. Competency approach is a means of harmonizing the policy in the area of personnel management with strategy and is among the key tasks of companies. This research offers a technique for sociological diagnostics of the competency of the workforce. The object of this research is a museum complex, the management of which seeks to develop of the competitiveness of its museums by expanding services, increasing customer traffic and improving its image. In 2010 they introduced new system of assessment and development of personnel, as well as developed a data system that was passed by the domestic normative legislative acts and recorded in such diagnostics instruments as evaluation sheets and observation charts. Sociological diagnostics was conducted in 2010 and 2014 based on these instruments. The method of analysis was structured analysis. The key sources were the results of hidden overt observation using the “secret visitor” method, covert observation and materials of video observation. Analysis of the results demonstrated the introduction of the monitoring of personnel activity and service into the museum complex, as well as training based on the obtained materials, served as an effective tool for development of communication skills, while cutting violations in this area by 75%.

Abstract: Examination of the ways for overcoming by a person of difficult life situations lead to the emergence of a new direction in psychological research, which currently actively develops in foreign countries and Russia – the study of coping behavior. Thus, within the framework of studying the mechanism of stress, R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, have formulated a cognitive theory of coping. The supporters of psychoanalytical approach, particularly K. Menninger, T. Krooberg, R. Mouz, N. Haan, and others, developed an ego-oriented concept of copings, which views the process of coping with hardships in form of the defense psychological mechanisms. They suggested a thought, according to which, coping manifests as a relatively stable personal prerequisite that predetermines human reaction upon one or another stress factor. The psychodiagnostic testing at all stages was conducted exceptionally during the daylight hours (morning and afternoon), in the specific educational facilities, with complete and voluntary agreement of the respondents. In this research took part  284 young Orthodox in the age of 20-32. The acquired results underline the existence of “active non-adaptivity” among the truly religious people, which is a self-state and self-positing of personality in the world. Externally, it manifests in form of defense behavior (r = 0.43, while p = 0.01). At the same time, its essence is to display meekness in any situation. Religious students strive to resolve the problems through positive rethought, as well as ability to consider them as an incentive to personality development. However, it is worth noting that the mildly religious students usually search the way out from a difficult life situation through the conflict interaction with the surrounding social environment.   

Abstract: This article examines the problems of determination of activeness and/or passiveness of the managed object from the perspective of French social thought. The old hierarchical metaphysics has previously formed a problem of emancipation of the managed object as a problem of activeness or passiveness. At the same time, such position is often subject to revision in the modern French social though. Is there a possibility for such emancipation in modern society? This question became of high priority in the discussions of Marxist sociology of Sartre and interrelation between power, discipline, and supremacy of Foucault. Analysis of the latent forms of supremacy and power, which emerged in modern society and force through corporeity and disciplinarity that can imitate activeness. Tradition of the French left-wingers postulates that the status of the modern managed object is not as just, as told by the democratic ideology. Nevertheless, there continues a search for the new points of view within the framework of sociology of management, which demonstrate that activeness or passiveness of the managed object should not be reduced only to the question of supremacy.