Karpukhin D.V. —
Punitive sanction as a pre-trial restriction and a measure of punishment in banking supervision
// Administrative and municipal law. – 2016. – ¹ 9.
– P. 764 - 769.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2016.9.18587
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Abstract: The authors study the legal regulation of punitive sanctions in the process of banking supervision. Special attention is paid to the study of a dualistic nature of punitive sanctions used as pre-trial restrictions and measures of administrative punishment. The authors consider the basic conceptual approaches to the classification of administrative pre-trial restrictions in banking supervision. The authors work out the proposals about the creation of positive incentives to the development of the activities of lending agencies by means of the system of positive sanctions – “repayable penalties”, as a pre-trial restriction. The research methodology is based on the modern achievements in epistemology. The authors apply theoretical and general philosophical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation and modeling), traditional methods of jurisprudence (formal logical) and the methods of special sociological research. The authors conclude that a penalty, used as a pre-trial restriction in banking supervision, should be repayable, i.e. the payed penalty should be repaid to the lending agency upon the in-time elimination of its grounds. Otherwise, if the reasons of a penalty are not eliminated, the penalty shouldn’t be repaid to the lending agency.
Karpukhin D.V. —
Legal fictions in the Administrative Procedure Rules of the Russian Federation
// NB: Administrative Law and Administration Practice. – 2016. – ¹ 6.
– P. 49 - 57.
DOI: 10.7256/2306-9945.2016.6.20596
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/al/article_20596.html
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Abstract: The research subject is the current provisions of the Administrative Procedure Rules of the Russian Federation, establishing legal fictions – the deliberately formulated incontestable assertions that may not correspond to the facts and are contained in imperative regulations for the purpose of the achievement or avoidance of particular legal consequences. The specific legal peculiarity of administrative procedural fictions is their relative, alternative character, consisting in the possibility of judicial discretion – admission or non-admission of legal consequences, conditioned by the actual or accomplished legal fact in the formulated normative models of fictions. The considered administrative procedural fictions are not the fundamental novels of Russian legislation, since they are borrowed from arbitration procedural legislation and civil procedural legislation. The research methodology is based on the modern achievements in epistemology. The author applies theoretical and general philosophical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation and modeling), traditional methods of jurisprudence (formal logical and interpretative methods, used for the analysis of the particular content of legal regulations); the comparative method, used for the comparison on general legal categories. The author concludes that administrative and procedural fictions have particular features, reflected in judicial discretion, which can be expressed in the admission or non-admission of legal consequences, conditioned by the legal fact, mentioned in the administrative and procedural fiction. But the very judicial discretion contains the potential danger of negative legal consequences, caused by a subjective judges’ mistake. The author studies the correlation of two general legal categories of “legal risks” and “legal fictions” in the context of administrative-procedural relations. The author notes the close interrelation between these definitions, which is reflected in the process of normative modeling of legal directions, regulating administrative process. The novelty of the work consists in the consideration of the problem of legal fictions, formulated in the Administrative Procedure Rules of the Russian Federation, which came into force in 2015, and the study of their specific peculiarities.