Abstract: The status of women often picked the curiosity of the thinkers who dedicated themselves to the development of projects of social transformations. Auguste Comte, in his positivist concept, draws particular attention to consideration of the status and role of women in the proclaimed by him new historical era – the positivist stage in the development of humanity. However, the national sociological science has yet not paid due attention to this topic. The subject of this article is the specifics of the status and role of women from the perspective of positivist sociology of Auguste Comte. The comparative-historical analysis of the views of A. Comte upon the specifics of the status and role of women at the various stage of his works became the method of this research. The discrepancy in the female social functions at theological, metaphysical, and positive stage of social development is determines. The authors systematize the philosopher’s views regarding the question of gender equality; give characteristic to the “cult of woman” as a specific designation by A. Comte of female status at the positive stage; as well as determine the woman’s functions as a subject of social transformations.

Abstract: This article provides the results of comparative analysis of academic genres in the Russian and foreign practice on the example of Ph.D. and Doctoral dissertations. The object of this research is the structure of dissertation. In the course of this study, the authors put forwards the following hypotheses: differences in the structure of dissertation is defined by the differences in philosophy and methodology of science; the texts of sociological dissertations in the Russian language more often have references to the classical works, including from other fields of humanitarian knowledge. The authors conduct an analysis on sociology of the defended dissertations in the Russian Federation and the United States over the period from 2010 to 2016. The selection of dissertations was carried out of the electronic database of dissertations upheld in the United States (ProQuest Digital Dissertations and Theses) and presented on the website of the Higher Attestation Commission. The conducted analysis of the structure of dissertations demonstrated that they could be presented as two logical schemes: theory-practice-theory (Russian language academic genre) and practice-theory-practice (English language academic genre). The scheme of structuring argumentation also differs: the Russian authors first demonstrate the analysis of previously conducted research, starting from the classical philosophical writings, and only then enunciate their original philosophical concepts; while the Western sociologists use references to the works of other author only to confirm their theses.

Abstract: Sociological diagnostics of the competencies is a fairly new branch in diagnostics. Competency approach is a means of harmonizing the policy in the area of personnel management with strategy and is among the key tasks of companies. This research offers a technique for sociological diagnostics of the competency of the workforce. The object of this research is a museum complex, the management of which seeks to develop of the competitiveness of its museums by expanding services, increasing customer traffic and improving its image. In 2010 they introduced new system of assessment and development of personnel, as well as developed a data system that was passed by the domestic normative legislative acts and recorded in such diagnostics instruments as evaluation sheets and observation charts. Sociological diagnostics was conducted in 2010 and 2014 based on these instruments. The method of analysis was structured analysis. The key sources were the results of hidden overt observation using the “secret visitor” method, covert observation and materials of video observation. Analysis of the results demonstrated the introduction of the monitoring of personnel activity and service into the museum complex, as well as training based on the obtained materials, served as an effective tool for development of communication skills, while cutting violations in this area by 75%.

Abstract: In absence of the unified value system within the modern Russian society, the spiritual and moral value orientations, which define the behavioral system, represent the axiological basis necessary for adaptation of youth in the modern world.  This article is dedicate to analysis of the role of religiosity in establishment pf the spiritual and moral values and behavioral orientations of young people. The authors present a quinary structure of a religious personality. The object of this research is defined by attitude of the modern youth to religion. The article provides the results of applied sociological study on the topic “Possibilities of implementation of the ideation principle of relation of the Russian modern youth to religion within the applied sociological study (using the materials of higher educational facilities of Saint Petersburg)”.  The students of the faculty of Arts of St. Petersburg State University (at the stage of approbation), students of the faculty of Philosophy, Theology, Religious Studies, and students of the faculty of Psychology of the Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy took place in the aforementioned study. After the 40 interviews were completed, there followed a conclusion that within the structure of spiritual and moral value orientations, religiosity holds rather low positions, which correlated with the dominance of fragmentary-eclectic mentality. The level of religiosity and morality of the majority of young people is not yet at the point described by P. A. Sorokin as “altruistic transformation”.

Abstract: Examination of the ways for overcoming by a person of difficult life situations lead to the emergence of a new direction in psychological research, which currently actively develops in foreign countries and Russia – the study of coping behavior. Thus, within the framework of studying the mechanism of stress, R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, have formulated a cognitive theory of coping. The supporters of psychoanalytical approach, particularly K. Menninger, T. Krooberg, R. Mouz, N. Haan, and others, developed an ego-oriented concept of copings, which views the process of coping with hardships in form of the defense psychological mechanisms. They suggested a thought, according to which, coping manifests as a relatively stable personal prerequisite that predetermines human reaction upon one or another stress factor. The psychodiagnostic testing at all stages was conducted exceptionally during the daylight hours (morning and afternoon), in the specific educational facilities, with complete and voluntary agreement of the respondents. In this research took part  284 young Orthodox in the age of 20-32. The acquired results underline the existence of “active non-adaptivity” among the truly religious people, which is a self-state and self-positing of personality in the world. Externally, it manifests in form of defense behavior (r = 0.43, while p = 0.01). At the same time, its essence is to display meekness in any situation. Religious students strive to resolve the problems through positive rethought, as well as ability to consider them as an incentive to personality development. However, it is worth noting that the mildly religious students usually search the way out from a difficult life situation through the conflict interaction with the surrounding social environment.