Abstract: In article some problems arising in case of implementation by operational divisions of law-enforcement bodies of the security measures established by the legislation concerning participants of criminal trial and other protected persons are considered. Today the sphere of the considered legal relationship is regulated by two Federal laws and a number of regulatory legal acts of various level. However there are a lot more unresolved questions in case of practical application of measures of the state protection. The author focuses attention that for a number of both the objective, and subjective reasons not all measures enshrined in legal documents are applicable in the course of the state protection of participants of criminal trial and other protected persons. The specified questions are researched by means of logical and system methods, the analysis and synthesis, legallistic, comparative and legal and historical and comparative methods of knowledge. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the line item about need within ensuring protection of participants of criminal trial and other protected persons to accent work on identification and neutralization (in a legal sense of this word) a threat source. And in this key it is necessary to organize work of divisions of the state protection.