Abstract: The authors thoroughly examine the Komsomol patronage over the Pioneers under the conditions of Khrushchev Thaw. The source basis of the article contains the archive documents, primarily the documents from the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History and State Archive of Sociopolitical History of Tambov Oblast. The originally introduced into the scientific discourse documents of the lower-level Pioneer and Komsomol organizations allowed adjusting multiple conclusions of the documents of the higher-level authorities, as well as eliminate the stereotypes established within the historical science. Komsomol is viewed as a certain Soviet “ministry of youth”, interlink between the government, youth, and children. The experience of Komsomol activity and Pioneer organization is being evaluated from human and state perspective. Summarizing the patronage Komsomol activity at the brink of the 1950’s –1960’s the authors determine the increase of its efficiency; there was an active search for the most efficient forms and methods of working with various age groups of Pioneers. At the same time, the success of any initiative completely depended on the subjective factor: wherever there were people capable (not just enthusiastic) to carry out difficult and important tasks, the children living in these towns received an opportunity to not just pass time, but to also acquire rather useful communication skills, and were becoming involved in socially beneficial projects.

Abstract: The subject of the research is comprised by the relationship between the Young Communist organisations and the governmental bodies of popular education, primary and secondary schools, as well as different categories of population involved in the processes of labour nurturing of pupils. Special attention is paid to studying the role of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in the implementation of the state course for "consolidating the connection between school and life". In the author's opinion, the relevance of studying the historical experience of labour nurturing is connected with the fact that innovative development of Russian society requires active involvement of modern pupils in the economic life of the country. 
The main theory for the examination of historical Young Communist problems was the theory of governmentalisation of the Young Communist League: the Young Communist League is considered as a specific Soviet "Ministry of Youth", serving as a linchpin between the state and the youth. The experience of the Young Communist League activities is evaluated prom human and state point of view. The author draws the following conclusion: although the  Young Communist organisations often faced the tasks that obviously could not be fully performed, in general, the results of the activity of the Young Communist League in the field of labour nurturing of pupils in the late 1950s - early 1960s should be admitted to be helpful from the point of view of both national and public interests. 

Abstract: The object of research is made by relationship of the Komsomol organizations with government bodies of national education, initial and average educational institutions, and also various categories of the population involved in processes of realization of reforms of school education, and also problems of general education in the early sixties. On materials of the Tambov region are shown as the huge efforts made by the state and the Komsomol organizations in development of evening education, and failure, a contradiction in activity of evening and correspondence schools of the region. For studying of historical and Komsomol problems the theory of nationalization of Komsomol became basic: the Komsomol is considered as peculiar Soviet "the ministry of youth", a link between the state and youth. Experience of activity of Komsomol is estimated from universal and state positions. Recognition of bases of the concept of education of viable generations of I.M. Ilyinsky also was of great importance for an objective assessment of a contribution of Komsomol in development of national education Considering that in general practice of national education didn't meet the ripened requirements, the author, nevertheless, notes high achievements in development of "schools for adults" and a major role of Komsomol in performance of the major economic task.