Translate this page:
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate
Library
Your profile

Back to contents

History magazine - researches
Reference:

Slesarev S.M. The policy of the Soviet government towards the traditional legislation of Kyrgyzstan in 1917–1924

Abstract: The article examines the main lines of the Soviet government’s policy towards the Bey courts of Adat regulations in Kyrgyzstan during the first years of Soviet rule, which can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, during the years of the fiercest struggle with the Basmachis in 1918–1920, local Soviet agencies went in the direction of the complete prohibition of Bey and Qadi courts. At the beginning of 1921 on the territory controlled by the Bolsheviks, the operation of Qadi and Bey courts was discontinued and a secular judicial system was set in place with two branches – the Revolutionary tribunal and the People’s court. At the same time, naturally, in the regions controlled by the Basmachis legislation was carried out on the basis of Sharia and Adat. With the transition to NEP, however, conditions changed and legislation according to the norms of Adat was restored. The resulting situation contained two parallel-existing systems – Soviet and traditional. Concurrently with this started a rapid process of limiting the jurisprudence of Bey courts, which ultimately brought their termination at the turn of the 1920s–1930s. The scientific novelty of this research is set in the first place by the use of archival documents, not used previously in the study of this topic. This led to a series of new and original conclusion.


Keywords:

Sharia, Adat, Bey courts, Bolsheviks, Soviet authority, traditional legislation, decrees, NEP, Revolutionary legal sense, People’s court


This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article


References
1. Prikaz SNK Turkestanskoi respubliki ¹ 66 ot 17 iyunya 1919 g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 27.
2. Postanovlenie Turkestanskogo TsIK o vosstanovlenii sudov biev i kaziev. 26 maya 1922g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 5. Op. 1. D. 59.
3. Postanovlenie SNK Turkestanskoi Respubliki ot 15 dekabrya 1921 g. ¹ 279 // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Uzbekistan. F. 38. Op. 2. D. 269.
4. Postanovlenie Ispolbyuro TsK KPT po voprosu o sude biev ot 6 oktyabrya 1922 g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv politicheskoi dokumentatsii Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 391. Op. 3. D. 61a.
5. Poryadok izbraniya narodnykh sudei i zasedatelei v Turkestanskoi ASSR // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 27.
6. Polozhenie o musul'manskikh narodnykh sudakh Turkestanskoi Respubliki. 25 iyulya 1922g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 89. Op. 1. D. 143.
7. Otchet Dzhetysuiskogo oblastnogo komiteta KPT. 1923 g. Tokmakskii uezdno-gorodskoi komitet KPT // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv politicheskoi dokumentatsii Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 24.
8. Istoriya sovetskogo gosudarstva i prava Uzbekistana. T. 1 (1917–1924 gg.). Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo AN UzSSR, 1960. 534 s.
9. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava Sovetskogo Kazakhstana. T. 1 (1917–1925 gg.). Alma-Ata: Izdatel'stvo AN KazSSR, 1961. 447 s.
10. Ismanov T. K. Stanovlenie sovetskogo pravosudiya v Kyrgyzstane i ispol'zovanie mestnykh biiskikh sudov v pervye gody sovetskoi vlasti // Vestnik KRSU. 2011. ¹ 10. S. 7–11.
11. Dokladnaya zapiska narsuda 1-go uchastka Oshskogo uezda. 23 avgusta 1919g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Uzbekistan. F. R-38. Op. 2. D. 587.
12. Glavnyi sud Kirgizskoi ASSR // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 196. Op. 1. D. 17.
13. Ganieva T. I. Etapy razvitiya sudebnoi sistemy Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. Sudy i pravosudie v period vkhozhdeniya Kyrgyzstana v sostav Turkestanskoi ASSR (1918–1924 gg.) // Vestnik KGNU. 2000. ¹ 1. S. 57–61.
14. Borubashov B. I. , Ismanov T. K. Deyatel'nost' mestnykh sudov po primeneniyu obychnogo prava kyrgyzov v pervye gody sovetskoi vlasti // Vestnik KRSU. 2010. ¹ 6. S. 3–6.
15. Protokol obshchego sobraniya Pishpekskogo ugorkoma RKP(b) 25.04.18 g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F 89. Op.1. D. 2.
16. Protokol soveshchaniya v NKYu Turkestanskoi Respubliki. Aprel' 1919g. // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Uzbekistan. F. R-38. Op. 2. D. 31.
17. Ryskulov T. R. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii: V 5 t. Almaty: Kazygurtbaspasy, 2007. T. 2 (368 s.), T. 3 (360 s.), T. 5 (360 s.).
18. Smeta na 1919 g. mirovomu narodnomu sud'e po Pishpekskomu uezdu // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 27.
19. Tiperov A. V. Istoriya stanovleniya sovetskogo suda v Kyrgyzstane (1917–1924 gg.) // Vestnik KRSU. 2013. ¹ 9. S. 70–75.
20. Tsirkulyar Semirechenskogo oblastnogo otdela yustitsii pri Oblispolkome g. Vernyi 1 iyunya 1919 g. vsem mestnym mirovym narodnym sudam // Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 27.
21. Shalamov M. Sudebnoe ustroistvo Kazakhstana. M.: Yuridicheskoe izdatel'stvo NKYu SSSR, 1941. 100 s.