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NB: Administrative Law and Administration Practice
Reference:

Features of consideration of cases on challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses

Sultanov Kamil' Arifovich

PhD in Economics

Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Law and Legal Support of Management, State University of Management, (Moscow)

Moscow Ryazan Avenue, 99

mpkr@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.7256/2306-9945.2023.4.40631

EDN:

MHJKCB

Received:

01-05-2023


Published:

31-12-2023


Abstract: According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, administrative and administrative procedural law are jointly administered by the Federation and its regions. The article, based on the analysis of the practice of consideration by courts of administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts adopted by legislative bodies of state power at the regional level, highlights the features of consideration, identifies problematic issues and prospects for the rule-making of state bodies of public authority of the subject of the Russian Federation. The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses are also joint issues of federal and regional legislative authorities. When appealing against such regulations, the courts are guided by both the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion of the study is that there is currently a judicial practice on challenging the laws of the regions of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses that contradict federal legislation. Despite detailed checks of the laws before adoption, the problem of the existence of illegitimate regional laws remains relevant. Specific examples are given on the adoption of regional acts on administrative offenses with exceeding the powers of a subject of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research lies in the assessment of the current state of legislation and judicial practice of its implementation. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to identify ways to further improve and prospects for the development of the procedure for adopting and challenging regional laws on administrative offenses. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of scientifically-based proposals for additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control.


Keywords:

legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, administrative responsibility, authorized bodies, administrative fine, judicial control, Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, police, administrative proceedings, court, laws

This article is automatically translated.

In the course of implementing the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses, theoretical and practical problems of determining the ratio of powers of a regional and federal legislator in establishing administrative responsibility very often arise. This topic has been very controversial and relevant for a long time.

Special theoretical and practical proposals on this topic have been repeatedly expressed by well-known administrative scientists, such as: M.Ya. Maslennikov, O.S. Rogacheva, B.V. Rossinsky, N.G. Salishcheva, M.V. Kostennikov and A.V. Kurakin.

As it is known, before the entry into force of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation did not have the prescribed powers to form and implement the above legislation together with the federal legislator. Back in 2001, many deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation spoke in favor of depriving the subjects of Russia of the authority to issue administrative and tort laws.

However, there are other opinions. Yu.M. Kozlov believed that it was impossible to find substantial grounds for depriving the subjects of the Russian Federation of these rights. He said that with the help of the administrative and tort law of the subject of the Russian Federation, law enforcement is carried out in areas of public relations that are closest to the needs and needs of the population. Yu.M. Kozlov thereby once again emphasized the need for legal protection of vital and necessary objects of economic, cultural, climatic, geographical, social, managerial and other orientation for residents of the regions, characterizing the individuality and originality of the subjects of the Russian state. In addition, the main or, as V.D. Sorokin wrote: the "fundamental" provision on the basis of which the legislation on administrative offenses includes the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and the adopted laws of the regions on administrative offenses is the Code itself, namely part 1 of Article 1.1. Dignity of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, D.N. Bakhrah also noted. According to the professor, the code clearly indicated for which offense an act of a federal subject can establish administrative responsibility, what penalties can be imposed for the relevant offense and who has the right to impose administrative sanctions for violation of regional laws.

Since 2015, the issues of abolishing some norms of regional laws have been resolved through administrative proceedings. It was this year that the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation came into force.

Administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts adopted by state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation are considered by courts according to the rules of Chapter 21 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also – CAS RF).

The guidelines for which the regulatory legal act is being checked are contained in Article 213 of the CAS of the Russian Federation. The characteristic procedural features of the resolution of administrative disputes related to the recognition of normative legal acts as invalid, introduced by Chapter 21 of the CAS of the Russian Federation, are typical for the group of disputes under consideration.

We note the rules of generic jurisdiction, the impossibility of filing counter administrative claims, the deadline for filing an administrative claim with the court for invalidation of a normative legal act, which is determined by the entire period of validity of a normative legal act, conducting business through representatives with higher legal education, special requirements for the content of an administrative statement of claim in terms of mandatory indication of a normative legal act of great legal force, which is contradicted by the contested act, that is, in fact, the legal basis of the claim, an exhaustive list of preliminary protection measures in the form of a ban on applying the contested norm against the administrative plaintiff.

One of the key issues that arise when considering administrative cases on invalidation of normative acts adopted by public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation is the question of the competence and authority to adopt such an act. Abuse of authority by a subject in legal regulation, intrusion into the sphere of federal jurisdiction, may be the basis for recognizing the relevant legal act as invalid.

The corresponding explanation, ensuring the unity of law enforcement practice, is contained in the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 12/25/2018 No. 50 [1]. However, the answer to such a possibly obvious question is not so obvious.

Often, the most difficult thing is precisely to establish the presence or absence of powers, circumstances of compliance or non-compliance with the limits of competence of the public authority of the subject in the field of lawmaking.

The topic of the delimitation of powers of the Russian Federation and its subjects, which is relevant, is also addressed in theoretical circles, advocating the attribution of the general principles of taxation and fees in the Russian Federation to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation [2], the development of a model law that allows improving the legal acts of the regions, the introduction of a comprehensive assessment of the regulatory impact of regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental safety [3], for the legislative specification of the powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments, as well as improving the effectiveness of quality control of the exercise of delegated powers [4], which deserve attention and approval not only in the areas of legal relations indicated by the authors.

It is impossible not to agree with the opinion that the legislative body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is created to adopt regulations, laws that reflect the needs of residents of this particular region, consistent with the interests of the country as a whole [5].

Let us turn to the analysis of the practice of implementing this approach by the courts on the example of consideration of quite characteristic administrative cases that were resolved in various regions of Russia.

Checking the results of the primary legal regulation of one of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the courts also expressed the opinion that social support for citizens is jointly administered by the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation, and federal legislation does not contain instructions on the form and mechanism of providing social support measures in the form of compensation for housing and communal services for disabled people, thus the subject authorized to independently regulate these relations [6].

The situation of additional legal regulation of the issue regarding the technical characteristics of containers and bunkers for the accumulation of solid municipal waste was resolved in favor of the government of the subject of the Russian Federation, since this issue was not settled at the federal level and was within the competence of the subject [7].

In the case of challenging the norm that regulated relations in the field of communications by establishing mandatory requirements for the design and operation of communication lines by telecom operators, the courts, on the contrary, came to the point of view that, by virtue of Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Communications", public authorities of a subject of the Russian Federation are not entitled to regulate relations in the field of communications, therefore, such issues do not fall within their competence [8].

As we can see, the algorithm of reflection when studying the results of the normative activity of a subject of the Russian Federation is exactly this: it is necessary to correlate whether the legal regulation of disputed legal relations relates to joint management or independent management of a subject of the Russian Federation, and then establish whether there is federal regulation, which aspects are ordered directly in the federal law, whether the act of primary regional rulemaking corresponds to the provisions of federal law.

At the same time, the duty of the subject of the Russian Federation remains to bring the normative act adopted by it into compliance with the federal law after the implementation of federal regulation. Another group of administrative cases that cannot be ignored when examining the practice of reviewing administrative cases related to rulemaking at the regional level is administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts in the field of legislation on administrative offenses.

Thus, when resolving administrative cases on challenging normative acts establishing administrative responsibility at the regional level, two directions were subject to research: firstly, the availability of authority to adopt regulatory prohibitions, norms, rules for which administrative responsibility was established and the actual availability of authority to establish administrative responsibility. An illustration may be a case of challenging a regional law, according to which violation of the deadlines established by the authorized executive body of state power for payment of the cost of moving a detained vehicle to a specialized parking lot entails the imposition of an administrative fine.

In circumstances where the obligation to pay the cost of moving and storing a detained vehicle within the time limits determined by the subject of the Russian Federation was established by part 11 of Article 27.13 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, that is, at the federal level, the courts established that administrative liability can only be established by federal law. In addition to the above, a judgment was made, which we share, that even the absence at the federal level of a regulatory legal act providing for administrative responsibility for non-fulfillment of this obligation does not indicate in such circumstances the right of a subject of the Russian Federation to carry out its own legal regulation of legal relations in this area [9].

Let's consider a few more examples in which the courts analyzed in detail the problems of the correlation of law-making powers of subjects of various levels of the public authority system in establishing administrative responsibility. In cases of challenging the act, which established administrative responsibility for the placement of vehicles on lawns and playgrounds, the courts proceeded from the following.

The position of the administrative plaintiff was reduced to arguments about the abuse of authority by the subject of the Russian Federation and the contradiction to Article 12.19 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for violation of the rules of stopping and parking vehicles. Based on the provisions of Federal Law No. 131-FZ "On the general Principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation", the courts consistently established whether the regulation of legal relations in the field of landscaping belongs to the powers of the subject of the Russian Federation and local governments, found out whether the rules established by the norms on landscaping affect relations in the field of road safety, are they identical to the prohibitions established by the Traffic Rules approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 10/23/1993 No. 1090.

As part of the resolution of such administrative cases, the courts came to the point of view that these powers are not of federal importance, they are attributed to a joint range of issues that make up the general sphere of law-making activity. Due to the fact that the rules and regulations prohibiting the placement of vehicles on lawns, areas with green spaces, as well as on children's and sports grounds are provided for by regulatory legal acts of this subject of the Russian Federation, a law-making initiative to introduce administrative responsibility by specifying in the disposition of an article on an administrative offense specific illegal actions that exclude the coincidence of signs of the objective side an administrative offense established by the law of a subject of the Russian Federation, with signs of the objective side of an administrative offense, the responsibility for which is provided for by the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, is committed by a subject of the Russian Federation within the competence [10].

I would like to consider the specifics of establishing administrative responsibility by regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation through the prism of the following specific situation [11]. In some regions, law enforcement officers have faced the problem of bringing to administrative responsibility persons who are naked on beaches in the summer.

The federal legislator in Chapter 20 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, which unites the rules of conduct for which administrative responsibility in the field of public order and public safety is established, does not introduce responsibility for such a violation as being in public places without clothes [13].

Based on the agreed approaches, it is proposed to discuss the issue of the permissibility of regulating these legal relations at the regional level. Is it possible to introduce bans on being naked in public places at the regional level? Does such regulation belong to the joint or exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation? Does it contradict the approaches formulated at the federal level? If we turn to the legislative practice of the Republic of Crimea, the Law of the Republic of Crimea "On Administrative Offenses in the Republic of Crimea" contains a norm regulating administrative offenses in the field of public order protection, defines administrative responsibility for molesting citizens in public places.

The regional regulatory act does not contain any other types of administrative offenses in the field of public order protection. In one of the regions, a legislative initiative was put forward regarding the introduction of administrative responsibility for appearing in public places in the nude [12].

However, we are not aware of the final version of this act at the moment. The current federal legislation does not contain direct restrictions and prohibitions regarding being naked in a public place. The rules for the use of beaches in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 30.09.2020 No. 732, do not contain either the specified rules of conduct or responsibility for violating public order on the beach, since they regulate other legal relations with a different purpose of exercising state control over the safety of people on water bodies.

We believe that these judgments allow us to think about the possible regulation of citizens' behavior in public places, detailing the concept of "public place" at the federal or regional level. In this coordinate system, I would like to subject to wide discussion the legality of establishing administrative responsibility at the regional level for being in a public place, in particular, on the beach in the nude, if the relevant rule is established by a regulatory act of the subject of the Russian Federation or a hypothesis and disposition in the regulatory act of the subject providing for administrative responsibility is formulated accordingly? In fact, it is in such situations that the competence of the subject is properly implemented, public legal relations are regulated in a timely and relevant manner, and a timely response to society's requests is provided.

Thus, in the course of the study, the main directions of solving the problems of identifying the correlation between the powers of a regional and federal legislator in establishing administrative responsibility were identified by the courts.

In conclusion, without insisting on the indisputability of the proposals made, I would like to express the hope that the topics raised will contribute to additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control.

The main conclusion of the conducted research is the current existence of judicial practice in challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses contrary to federal legislation. Despite detailed checks of the laws before adoption, the problem of the existence of illegitimate regional laws remains very relevant. The novelty of the study lies in assessing the current state of legislation and judicial practice of its implementation, which will undoubtedly eventually lead to the development of the above-mentioned scientifically sound proposals for additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control.

References
1. "Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses" dated 30.12.2001 No. 195-FZ (ed. dated 04.11.2022) // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
2. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 25.12.2018 No. 50 "On the practice of consideration by courts of cases on challenging Regulatory Legal Acts and Acts containing Clarifications of Legislation and having regulatory properties" // Source – SPS "ConsultantPlus".
3. Decision of the Arkhangelsk Regional Court of 06.02.2019 No. 3a-85/2019. // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
4. Decision of the Kostroma Regional Court of 28.02.2020 in case No. 3a-16/2020; Cassation ruling of the Judicial Board for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 04.08.2021 No. 87-KAD21-1-K2; Decision of the St. Petersburg City Court of 26.09.2018 in case No. 3a-152/2018; Appeal ruling of the Judicial Board for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 04.08.2021 No. 87-KAD21-1-K2; Decision of the St. Petersburg City Court of 26.09.2018 in case No. 3a-152/2018; Appeal ruling of the Judicial Board for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation dated 06.02.2019 No. 78-APG18-24. // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
5. The decision of the Penza Regional Court of 14.04.2022 in case No. 3a-21/2022; the appeal ruling of the Fourth Court of Appeal of General Jurisdiction of 19.07.2022 in case No. 66a-1599/2022. // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
6. Cassation ruling of the Third Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction dated 6.10.2021 No. 88a16687/2021. // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
7. Cassation ruling of the Fifth Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction dated 1.09.2021 No. 88a5947/2021. // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
8. Tyutin D.V. "Tax law: Course of lectures" // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
9. Abanina E.N., Sukhova E.A. "Legal provision of environmental safety of the Russian Federation: state and prospects of development: monograph. ("Justicinform", 2022). // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
10. Sukhova E.A. "Legal policy in the field of environmental safety of the Russian Federation as a tool for achieving sustainable development goals. [electronic resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovaya-politika-v-sfere-obespecheniya-ekologicheskoy-bezopasnostirossiyskoy-federatsii-kak-instrument-dostizheniya-tseley/viewer
11. Lebedev V.A. "Public power in the subjects of the Russian Federation: concept, principles, system // "Constitutional and municipal law", 2022, No. 6 // Source-SPS "ConsultantPlus".
12. Sultanov K.A. Socio-economic basis of the transferred powers to draw up protocols on administrative offenses provided for by regional legislation The Russian Federation In the collection: Topical issues of the application of the norms of administrative law ("Korenev readings"). Collection of scientific papers of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow, 2022. pp. 394-398.
13. Shikhnabiev R.A. Activity of police officers on consideration of cases of administrative offenses // XXII International scientific and practical conference of the Faculty of Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University: at 5 o'clock.. Moscow, 2022. pp. 467-470

First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

A REVIEW of an article on the topic "Peculiarities of the consideration of cases of challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses". The subject of the study. The article proposed for review is devoted to the specifics of "... consideration of cases of challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses." The author has chosen a special subject of research: the proposed issues are investigated from the point of view of administrative procedural, administrative and tort law, while the author notes that "Administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts adopted by state authorities of a subject of the Russian Federation are considered by courts according to the rules of Chapter 21 ... of the CAS of the Russian Federation". NPAs relevant to the purpose of the study are being studied. A small amount of Russian scientific literature on the stated problems is also studied and summarized, there is no analysis and discussion with these opposing authors. It should be noted that almost all references to the bibliography do not match. At the same time, the author notes: "One of the key issues that arise when considering administrative cases on invalidation of normative acts adopted by state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation is the question of the competence and authority to adopt such an act." In principle, this conclusion is the only one in the article and the author tries to back it up with judicial practice (without correct references). Research methodology. The purpose of the study is determined by the title and content of the work: "... the most difficult thing is precisely to establish the presence or absence of powers, circumstances of compliance or non-compliance with the limits of competence of the public authority of the subject in the field of lawmaking." They can be designated as the consideration and resolution of certain problematic aspects related to the above-mentioned issues and the use of certain experience. Based on the set goals and objectives, the author has chosen a certain methodological basis for the study. The author uses a set of private scientific, special legal methods of cognition. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to generalize approaches to the proposed topic in the most general form and practically did not affect the author's conclusions. Special legal methods played a certain role. In particular, the author used formal legal and comparative legal methods, which allowed for a limited analysis and interpretation of the norms of acts of Russian federal and regional legislation and to compare various NPAs. In particular, the following conclusions are drawn: "Abuse of authority by a subject in legal regulation, intrusion into the sphere of federal jurisdiction, may serve as a basis for recognizing the relevant legal act as invalid," etc. Thus, the methodology chosen by the author is not fully adequate to the purpose of the article, it allows you to study only some aspects of the topic. The relevance of the stated issues is beyond doubt. This topic is important in Russia, from a legal point of view, the work proposed by the author can be considered relevant, namely, he notes "Let's turn to the analysis of the practice of implementing this approach by the courts on the example of consideration of fairly characteristic administrative cases that were resolved in various regions of Russia", "Another group of administrative cases that cannot be ignored in the study The practice of considering administrative cases related to rulemaking at the regional level is administrative cases on challenging normative legal acts in the field of legislation on administrative offenses." And in fact, an analysis of the opponents' work should follow here (they simply do not exist on this topic), but it does not follow and the author does not show the ability to master the material. Although scientific research in the proposed field is welcome. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is questionable. It is not expressed in the specific scientific conclusions of the author. As can be seen from the text of the article, the conclusions drawn by the author cannot be used in further scientific research. Thus, the materials of the article as presented cannot be of interest to the scientific community. Style, structure, content. The subject of the article corresponds to the specialization of the journal "Administrative Law and Practice of Administration" only partially, since it is stated that it is devoted to the specifics of "... consideration of cases challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses", but in principle the features are listed "in a nutshell". The article lacks an analysis of the opponents' scientific works on this topic, so the author could not note that a question close to this topic had already been raised and the author, accordingly, could not use their materials, he does not discuss with opponents. The content of the article partly corresponds to the title, as the author considered some of the stated problems and achieved some of the goals of his research. The quality of the presentation of the study and its results should be recognized as not fully developed. The subject, tasks, methodology (in part), research results (general words) directly follow from the text of the article, there is no scientific novelty. The design of the work does not meet the requirements for this kind of work. Significant violations of these requirements: the lack of work by opponents, analysis of their work and, accordingly, novelty. The bibliography is not complete enough, it contains publications, NPAs, to which the author refers (not a single link matches). The editorial requirements were not met: "In the list of references, sources are listed in the order of citation (mentions in the text of the article). The list of references includes only peer-reviewed scientific sources (articles from scientific journals and monographs) that are mentioned in the text of the article. Sources (normative legal documentation, textbooks, publications of a non-scientific nature, etc.) are mentioned in the text of the article in parentheses, along with other comments and notes by the authors." The bibliography in the article does not allow the author to correctly identify problems and put them up for discussion. The quality of the literature presented and used should be evaluated poorly. The presence of scientific literature on the topic of the article would show the validity of the author's conclusions and would influence the author's conclusions. The works of the above authors correspond to the research topic only partially, but do not have a sign of sufficiency, do not contribute to the disclosure of many aspects of the topic. Appeal to opponents. The author has not analyzed the current state of the problem under study. The author describes some of the opponents' points of view on the problem (without the opportunity to check, because there are no correct links), argues for a more correct position in his opinion, without relying on the work of opponents, offers solutions to some problems. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The conclusions are logical, but not specific "... without insisting on the indisputability of the proposals made, I would like to express the hope that the topics raised will contribute to additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control", etc. The article in this form cannot be of interest to the readership in terms of the presence in it of the author's systematic positions in relation to the issues stated in the article. Based on the above, summing up all the positive and negative sides of the article, "I recommend rejecting".

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the research in the article submitted for review should have been, as follows from its name, the specifics of considering cases of challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses. The title of the work is not very successful, because it does not fully reflect its content. As one might think, the article will focus on the procedural features of the consideration of these cases, but the author immediately stipulates that this is not the case ("The characteristic procedural features of the resolution of administrative disputes related to the recognition of regulatory legal acts as invalid, introduced by Chapter 21 of the CAS of the Russian Federation, are typical for the group of disputes under consideration. We note the rules of generic jurisdiction, the impossibility of filing counter administrative claims, the deadline for filing an administrative claim with the court for invalidation of a normative legal act, which is determined by the entire period of validity of a normative legal act, conducting business through representatives with higher legal education, special requirements for the content of an administrative statement of claim in terms of mandatory indication of a normative legal act of great legal force, which is contradicted by the contested act, that is, in fact, the legal basis of the claim, an exhaustive list of preliminary protection measures in the form of a ban on applying the contested norm against the administrative plaintiff"). In fact, the paper deals with the theoretical and practical problems of identifying the relationship between the powers of a regional and federal legislator in establishing administrative responsibility (based on the materials of judicial practice). Thus, the name of the work needs to be clarified. The methodology of the research is not disclosed in the text of the article, but it is obvious that the scientists used universal dialectical, logical, formal and legal research methods. What is the relevance of the research topic chosen by the author, the article does not say, although the problems raised by the scientist are indeed debatable. In addition to substantiating the relevance of the topic, the scientist needs to list the names of the leading experts who studied the problems raised in the article, as well as reveal the degree of their study. The author does not specify what the scientific novelty of the work is manifested in. The scientist carried out an analysis of fairly typical administrative cases that were considered in various subjects of the Russian Federation, and identified key areas for courts to solve problems of identifying the ratio of powers of regional and federal legislators in establishing administrative responsibility. This is the scientific novelty of his research. The work is undoubtedly of interest to the readership and makes a definite contribution to the development of Russian sciences of administrative and administrative procedural law. The scientific style of the research is fully sustained by the author. The structure of the article is not entirely logical. There is no introductory part of the work, where the author would substantiate the relevance of the chosen research topic, reveal its methodology and indicate what the scientific novelty of the article is. There is also virtually no final part of the study. In the main part of the article, the author analyzes the problems of establishing "... the presence or absence of powers, circumstances of compliance or non-compliance with the limits of competence of a state authority of a subject in the field of lawmaking," which may serve as a basis for invalidating normative acts adopted by a regional legislator, and also provides relevant examples. The content of the work, as already noted, does not fully correspond to its title. Some provisions of the work need to be clarified. So, the author suggests discussing "... the question of the permissibility of regulating these legal relations (we are talking about the permissibility of being in public places in the nude) at the regional level. Is it possible to introduce bans on being naked in public places at the regional level? Does such regulation belong to the joint or exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation? Does it contradict the approaches formulated at the federal level?" The scientist does not disclose his position on this issue. The bibliography of the study is presented by 13 sources (normative legal act, monograph, scientific articles, explanation of the highest judicial instance, materials of judicial practice, textbook). From a formal and factual point of view, this is quite enough. The author revealed the problems discussed in the article with the necessary depth and completeness, indicating the algorithm for their solution. The provisions of the work are illustrated with examples. There is an appeal to the opponents, but it is of a general nature. The author does not enter into a scientific discussion with specific scientists. The scientist's judgments, however, are justified quite convincingly. There are no conclusions based on the results of the study as such. The article concludes with the general phrase: "In conclusion, without insisting on the indisputability of the proposals made, I would like to express the hope that the topics raised will contribute to additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control." Meanwhile, the final part of the study summarizes its results - lists all the problems raised in the article and suggests specific ways to solve them. The interest of the readership in the article submitted for review can be shown primarily by specialists in the field of administrative law and administrative procedural law, provided that it is finalized: clarifying the title of the work, substantiating the relevance of the research topic, disclosing its methodology, clarifying the structure of the work and some of its provisions, formulating clear and specific conclusions based on the results of the study.

Third Peer Review

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The subject of the study. The subject of the research in the peer-reviewed article "On the practical problems of identifying the relationship between the powers of a regional and federal legislator in establishing administrative responsibility (based on the materials of judicial practice)" is the social relations that develop in determining and delimiting the powers of regional and federal legislators in establishing administrative responsibility for subjects of administrative law. Research methodology. The methodological apparatus of the article consists of modern methods of scientific cognition: historical, formal-logical, legal-technical, formal-dogmatic, comparative jurisprudence, etc. The author of the article also used such scientific methods and techniques as deduction, modeling, systematization and generalization. The article presents a combination of theoretical and empirical information. The relevance of research. The relevance of the topic of this article is beyond doubt. As evidenced by "the current existence of judicial practice in challenging the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses contrary to federal legislation." Undoubtedly, the existing problems need to be resolved, which is what this study is aimed at. Scientific novelty. It cannot be said that the author of this article for the first time in Russian science addressed the issue of the problems of delineating the powers of regional and federal legislators in establishing administrative responsibility. However, the aspect of the research chosen by him (namely, according to the material of judicial practice) has elements of scientific novelty. The author characterizes the scientific novelty of his article as follows: "The novelty of the research lies in assessing the current state of legislation and judicial practice of its implementation, which will undoubtedly eventually lead to the development of the above-mentioned scientifically sound proposals for additional in-depth understanding and development of legal relations in the field of rulemaking at the regional level, including from the point of view of judicial norm control." We believe that the author's statement is true. Style, structure, content. The article is written in a scientific style, using special legal terminology. In general, the material is presented consistently, competently and clearly. The article is structured. The content of the article reveals the topic and fully corresponds to it. The introduction outlines the hypothesis that the author plans to work on in his research. In the main part, the author describes the problem, analyzes different points of view and argues his own position. The conclusion contains conclusions that, in the opinion of the reviewer, need to be adjusted, namely, the results that the author has achieved in the course of his research should be clearly formulated. Bibliography. It seems that for a scientific article, after all, the author has studied few sources. Although the bibliography list contains links to scientific publications of recent years. Appeal to opponents. The article contains references to the authoritative opinions of other scientists. All appeals to opponents are correct. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The reviewed article "On the issue of practical problems of identifying the correlation of powers of a regional and federal legislator in establishing administrative responsibility (based on judicial practice)" can be recommended for publication in the scientific journal "Administrative Law and Practice of Administration", as it generally meets the established requirements and editorial policy of this publication. The article is relevant, has practical significance and has elements of scientific novelty. This article may be of scientific interest to specialists in the field of administrative law and administrative proceedings, as well as to teachers and students of law schools and faculties.