Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the lack of a system of preparing subjects for the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of the younger generation in a general education institution, which will ensure the formation and development of a professionally competent personality of an employee of the modern field of education. The concept of addictive behavior of adolescents and the prevention of dependent behavior as a complex system and process, a unified concept and integration of efforts of the psychological and pedagogical community of educational institutions in modern socio-cultural conditions is considered. The problem of education and upbringing of the younger generation is very relevant today. This is due to the physical and psychological insecurity of a person due to the political, economic, and cultural realities of modern society. From these positions, it is the sphere of education, from our point of view, that should become a kind of foundation that guarantees respect for the rights of an individual in the field of his physical and psychological health. The authors studied the attitude of participants in the educational process of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia): teachers, administrative workers in the field of education, students and their legal representatives to the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution, and the system of work of specialists in the prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been tested. The analysis showed that the key problem areas are: the creation of a system of value orientations of adolescents, the inculcation of generally accepted social norms; the creation of conditions for the prevention of coping strategies of adolescents, the formation of skills of responsible behavior, self-control and problem-solving planning skills; as well as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among adolescents, which indicated the general need to increase the competence of employees in the indicated aspect. Based on the results of research and analysis of the experience of educational institutions, a system of prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been developed and described.

Keywords: teenager, staff, administrative staff, educational institutions, school, psychological and pedagogical prevention, modern teenagers, prevention of addictive behavior, addictive behavior, dependent behavior of adolescents

Abstract: The subject of the study concerns one of the most significant problems of computer gamification of education – the question of criteria for the development and evaluation of educational computer games, including optimization of their game mechanics, game structure and forms of integration of players into their space, taking into account their specifics, goals and main educational purpose. The concept of "game flow", which originated in the gaming industry under the influence of the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi, represents an original interpretation of the criteria of internal motivation of human activity and, as the goal of game design, assumes the achievement of the highest immersiveness of the game and the creation of space for the construction of meanings. The concept of game flow is widely used in modern trends in the development of educational games: the use of innovative game mechanics that complement and enrich the traditional and most common model of PBL gamification and allow achieving the greatest human involvement in the process of playing and learning is gaining great promise in them. The article uses a comprehensive methodological approach, including a descriptive method applied to various concepts of learning gamification and motivation theories, as well as a comparative and hermeneutic analysis of research on the development of educational computer games. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the correlation of the concept of game flow and the theory of the state of flow by M. Csikszentmihalyi with the main tasks of educational games and trends in their development. The conclusions of the article state that the development of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies, 3D visualization, and the improvement of computer graphics open up new prospects for the use of computer games in education, including in the humanities. Despite the fact that the issue of determining the prospects for the development of computer learning games is solved in modern pedagogy by studying the mechanisms of formation of internal motivation and involvement in learning, the theory of the "state of flow" by M. Csikszentmihalyi is of great interest in this sense. Optimization of the game mechanics of modern educational computer games is aimed at personalization, creating a space of free choice for the player and involves individual selection of the level of difficulty of tasks. These and other characteristics of game design can significantly improve the effectiveness of training.

Keywords: Csikszentmihalyi, flow state concept, immersive learning, gamification of learning, game flow theory, game design of educational games, digitalization of the educational environment, video games in training, serious games, the concept of the game

Abstract: The article analyzes one of the modern trends in the methodology of teaching foreign languages – the use of combined and text advertising as a means of teaching English at a technical university. Advertising texts contain a wealth of material about cultural realities, reflect the value system of a foreign-speaking society, thus providing access to information about traditions, customs, historical facts and much more. Due to this, they can be used as one of the most effective resources in teaching foreign languages. Such texts can be used in a variety of educational situations for various purposes. Advertising texts are suitable for solving a wide range of methodological problems. The subject of this article is to study the use of advertising texts in foreign language lessons. The following methods were used in the work: descriptive, the method of contextual analysis, elements of component and logical-semantic analysis, the method of field structuring, as well as pedagogical methods. The scientific novelty of the research results is determined by an integrated approach to the study of vocabulary of an advertising text, taking into account its phonetic, grammatical and morphological characteristics. This study defines the role of advertising texts for society at the present time, lists and describes the main components of an effective advertising text, as well as the linguistic means used by advertisers to increase the effectiveness of advertising texts. The article presents examples of lexical, stylistic and grammatical techniques based on the material of American and English advertising texts of popular brands. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in lexical practice, as an educational material in English classes. These materials will help the teacher to diversify and modernize the content of practical English classes at a technical university.

Keywords: alliteration, intercultural communication, linguocultural values, linguistic means, teaching a foreign language, methods of teaching, advertising text, advertising slogan, advertising, perceptual vocabulary

Abstract: The subject of the research is the study of the pedagogical education of parents in the USSR (ser. 1950s – 1980s). It is argued that the author's approaches and party work coexisted in the pedagogical education of parents. The author's approaches were based on a humanistic attitude towards parents and partial independence from the state and ideology. Party work with parents was dictated by the state and determined by communist ideology. Historical and pedagogical analysis makes it possible to detect positive and negative moments of the past, to identify significant aspects for modern practices. The author's approaches and party work are analyzed in detail. The author's works are represented by the activities of the parent university at Moscow State University (V.N. Ivanov, D.B. Elkonin, N.F. Talyzina and others), the works of L.V. Pisareva, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, S.A. Amonashvili, B.P. and L.A. Nikitins, S.L. Soloveitchik, V.E. Khrapov. Party work includes: staff training at Parents' universities, the main areas of work (the parents' committee at school and the council for family and school assistance at work). The main research methods are the study and analysis of normative legal acts in the field of education, upbringing, development of family relations, the works of teachers, psychologists, the magazine for parents "Family and School". The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the holistic practices of educating parents in the USSR are described. The liberalization of all aspects of the country's life has raised hopes, including for improving the life of the family. The pedagogical education of parents was seen as a solution to the problems of family problems. Author's approaches to educating parents appeared, while party work with parents developed at the same time. It is shown that the author's approaches address various aspects of education related to the needs and interests of parents; that the party work was conducted centrally and ignored the opinion of parents. It was characterized by formalism, boredom, petty control, alienation of parents from the education system, and devaluation of author's approaches. The professional activity of teachers was replaced by public influence, family assistance and understanding of the causes of problematic behavior of parents – public condemnation, repressive measures against parents and children.

Keywords: The Parents' Committee, The Parent's University, the public, party work, author's approaches, parental comprehensive education, pedagogical propaganda, educating parents, The Council of Assistance, education programs

Abstract: The research is devoted to the development and substantiation of a methodological approach to teaching the methodology of humanitarian research in the context of the formation of research activity of students. The lack of educational and methodological material devoted to the methodology of humanitarian research, the lack of simple and clear recommendations and algorithms for students to build their own research and choose methods makes this approach relevant. The principle of this approach is revealed by the example of the presentation of theoretical and applied issues of structuralism and synergetics as research methods and is based on the movement of knowledge from simple to complex. The research material was modern publications devoted to the problems of education, humanities, research methodology, as well as structuralism and synergetics as forms of scientific analysis and their transcriptions of cultural and art phenomena.  During the development of this methodological approach, the authors carried out a reduction of synergetic and structural methods, systematization of the basic concepts used in the research work of students, identified a number of characteristics describing the course of research using these methods, conducted their comparative analysis indicating weaknesses and strengths. The novelty of the research lies in the development and demonstration of the possibilities of the proposed methodological approach, which offers: step–by–step development of research tools based on such basic concepts as "object", "category", "value", etc.; visual – in the form of a table – comparison of research methods and characteristics; elaboration of the categorical apparatus of methods based on the history of their origin, the authority of classical authors and quotations of their texts, the demonstration of the possibilities of methods in modern research. At the same time, the emphasis is on the unique features of the studied methods, which are necessary for a critical understanding of aesthetic and cultural phenomena and the construction of a consistent research route. The result of this approach is an understandable algorithm for choosing one or another method, as well as the possibility of creating a comprehensive methodology. The developed methodological approach can be applied directly in pedagogical practice, as well as during the preparation of students' scientific research.

Keywords: comparative analysis, research, synergistic analysis, structural analysis, philosophical and aesthetic knowledge, scientific research methodology, humanitarian study, esthetics, interdisciplinary approach, teaching methodology

Abstract: The subject of the study is a dialectical description of the importance of a teacher in the educational process of domestic education. The study of the University 4.0 system is relevant, since within the framework of the fourth industrial Revolution, according to K. Schwab, the ongoing "Great Reset" implies a fundamental change in public relations, including changes in the education system. The purpose of the publication is to describe the role of the teacher in the educational space. The most pressing issue is understanding the role of a teacher who gives knowledge to his students, and forms their worldview during a period of technological change in society. Can artificial intelligence replace a teacher?  The research methodology is a set of procedures based on the analysis and synthesis of the information used. The novelty is presented by considering the role of a teacher in the context of digitalization of education. The conclusions of the study. 1. Education reflects the social order of society. 2. The tradition of national education is represented in the form of collective co-creation of the mentor and students. 3. University 4.0 actualizes a different format of education due to its formalization. 4. The role of a teacher in the educational process is increasing due to the growth of the formalization of education and the need to obtain a holistic worldview. The results of the study are to describe and systematize the role of the teacher in the educational process during the formation of the digital educational space, including the university. The research materials can be used as part of the development of textbooks and lecture courses for students and teachers.

Keywords: technological structure, formalization of education, artificial intelligence, digitalization, educational traditions, interaction, educational sovereignty, teacher’s role, educational space, University four zero

Abstract: The subject of the study of this article is the role of legal education and training in the prevention of deformations of students’ legal consciousness. The purpose of the work is to actualize research interest in the problem of legal education, training and education in order to prevent the deformation of legal consciousness and optimize the activities of the state in this direction and implement a unified legal policy in the system of legal education, training and education. The methodology of the work includes system-structural, functional and comparative approaches, which allowed to identify and substantiate the scientific and theoretical concepts of the modern educational and legal process in the study. The novelty of the work lies in the analysis of modern approaches to legal education, training and enlightenment in the process of professional education and the formation of legal consciousness. The conclusions of the work show that the given characteristics of the modern model of legal education and training reflect the formation in the Russian legal space of an institutional legal environment that affects the state and social processes of modern Russian society, which needs the formation of a unified Concept of legal education and training, the main purpose of which fully coincides with the interests of modern society and is aimed at the realization of the formation of the potential of the individual to self-development and professionalism.

Keywords: legal consciousness, state policy, human rights, conscience, pedagogy, legal culture, moral, prevention of deformation, education, legal education

Abstract: The article examines the place of an actively developing scientific direction – neuropedagogy – in modern education. The purpose of the work is to analyze the principles used in neuropedagogy, the possibility of their integration into the education system, as well as the optimization of educational processes taking into account the individual needs of students to improve the effectiveness and quality of training. The topic of the application of neuropedagogy in practice is touched upon, and possible problems that this scientific direction may face are also noted. This article notes the importance of introducing neuropedagogics into the educational process in order to create more suitable conditions for an effective educational process. The author comes to the conclusion that in modern education there is an integration of methods of neuropedagogy and pedagogical practice. Neuropedagogy is a promising scientific direction that can help solve many complex problems in education, drawing the attention of researchers to the connection between the process of education and the functioning of the human brain. As part of the study, it was found that at the moment, with the help of neuropedagogics, it is possible to diagnose students to identify types of thinking, which will make it possible to conduct classes more effectively, taking into account the individual characteristics of students. The author comes to the conclusion that neuropedagogic methods allow individualizing learning, which has a positive effect on the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition, the development of creative abilities and a more accurate assessment of the results of the child's work.

Keywords: adaptation of training, pedagogy, brain features, evaluation optimization, individualization of learning, neuroscience, problems of pedagogy, modern education, neuropedagogics, assimilation of information

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze and characterize the organization of training of future artists and designers within the framework of higher art education in modern Japan, especially the pedagogical framework that allows universities to remain competitive in a changing society (demographic, economic, social and other problems). The object of the research is training in artistic and creative specialties in the country's higher art education system, where the basis is a combination of theory and practice, traditions and innovations, as well as an emphasis on individual learning. The subject of the study is the organization of education for students undergoing training in art disciplines in the conditions of Japanese higher art education. The research material is the works of Russian, Chinese and Japanese authors, as well as the educational literature of the universities studied. The research used methods such as the analysis of curricula, programs and manuals of the considered art universities in Japan, as well as the works of various scientists. The work is based on direct and indirect observation, analysis of works in the form of entrance exams, educational and creative tasks of educational institutions, study and generalization of the pedagogical experience of the Japanese art school. As a result of the analysis of available sources, the author of the article came to the conclusion about the lack of research that would reveal the specifics of teaching art in modern art universities in Japan. Moreover, there is a contradiction between the developing potential of the national pedagogy of art and the actual state of education, which was the reason for the appearance of this work. As a result, the analysis of the historical and pedagogical aspects of the formation and development of organizational forms, content and process of education in the field of fine arts and design in Japan was carried out. The distinctive features include a combination of theory and practice, tradition and innovation, as well as an emphasis on individual and independent work. The problems identified here are primarily caused by unfavorable socio-cultural factors.

Keywords: individual training route, professional education, artistic and practical skills, traditional education, academic training, artistic and creative specialties, design, visual art, Japan, art education

Abstract: The subject of this study is the process of teaching English to students majoring in engineering at a transport university. The object of the research is the pedagogy of surprise as a concept for the textbook development. The authors consider the possibilities of the pedagogy of surprise, determine its content for teaching English to students in detail. Special attention is paid to developing tasks based on the sources of surprise: facts, methods, environment and student's own achievements. The surprise by the fact lies in the peculiarities of terminology and interesting facts of professional foreign culture. The methods includes a computer format for the tasks, the paradox of the educational situation. The environment is supported by the visual aids and the dialogic nature of the learning process. Surprise by one's own achievements is possible when students perform tasks using logical thinking and work at the limit of intellectual capabilities. The research was carried out at the Department of Foreign Language of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT) as part of the work on the Monolanguage project. As a result, a textbook, based on the ideas of the pedagogy of surprise, has been developed for teaching English to students of the Institute of Transport Technology and Control Systems. The theoretical significance lies in substantiating the possibility of using the pedagogy of surprise in English language classes at a university, determining the basic elements of the course to ensure continuity between the English language courses for general purposes and specific ones. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the developed educational materials in practical pedagogical activities. The following conclusions were drawn. Pedagogy of surprise contradict neither the professionally oriented nor content and language integrated learning, serves developing the emotional sphere of students. The article outlines the directions for further research.

Keywords: digitalization of railways, working programme, foreign language communication, source of surprise, pedagogy of surprise, English for Specific Purposes, transport university, foreign language, motivation, paradox

Abstract: The subject of the study is anxiety and depression in women with pregnancy pathology. The article discusses the relevance of the study of pregnant women in modern society. The work is aimed at studying early maladaptive patterns in relation to anxiety and depression in women with pregnancy pathology. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of women with pregnancy pathology are presented. Objective: to identify the relationship of the factor model of early maladaptive schemes with anxiety and depression in women with pregnancy pathology. The condition and behavior of the mother are one of the most important conditions for the development of the child in the postnatal period. Therefore, the high quality of psychological support for pregnancy seems to be a necessary condition for improving the mental health of women, increasing reproductive activity and increasing the birth rate, the quality of life of the population as a whole. The paper identifies the features of the existing early maladaptive schemes in women with pregnancy pathology. A factorial model of early maladaptive schemes in women with pregnancy pathology was obtained and described, in which the following components were identified: "Emotional rejection", "Over-vigilance and expectation of threat", "Focus on others", "Violated boundaries". The correlations of the factor model of early maladaptive schemes with anxiety and depression in women with pregnancy pathology are analyzed. The data obtained during the study indicate the need for psychological support for women with pregnancy pathology and can be used as a basis in the development of programs for psychological intervention of the perinatal period. The existing early childhood experience of a pregnant woman can act as a factor contributing to the development of anxiety and depression, which, in turn, determine emotional instability, personal disorders, difficulties in the social and role functioning of a woman.

Keywords: perinatal period, pregnancy pathology, psychological support, motherhood, family, pregnancy, early maladaptive patterns, depression, anxiety, psychological health

Abstract: The subject of this study is the philosophy of law and its role in the formation of legal awareness among young people in the educational process. The aim of the work is to identify the influence of the philosophy of law on the formation of legal culture and lawful behavior, as well as the development of methods and techniques that will help to successfully implement the formation of legal awareness. The methodology of the work includes the analysis of theoretical works and research in the field of philosophy of law, the study of the experience of practical application of philosophical concepts. In order to identify knowledge and ideas about law, as well as the level of development of legal awareness, the results of a sociological study are presented, including questionnaires and interviews of young people. The novelty of the work lies in the analysis of modern methods and approaches in educational activities aimed at the formation of legal awareness, as well as in identifying factors influencing the successful implementation of this process. In addition, the study covers not only theoretical aspects of the philosophy of law, but also practical aspects related to the application of legal norms and the adoption of legitimate decisions. The results of the work allow us to identify a number of important factors that influence the formation of legal awareness among young people in the learning process. Firstly, the active use of the philosophy of law as an academic discipline allows students to significantly deepen their knowledge of the basics of law, its values and principles. Secondly, the inclusion of practical tasks and situations in the educational process that require the analysis of legal norms and decision-making based on legal awareness helps students develop practical skills of legal activity. The obtained conclusions show the need to strengthen the role of the philosophy of law in the educational process for the effective formation of legal awareness, the importance of not only theoretical, but also practical training of students in the field of law in order to apply their knowledge in practice and make positive changes in the legal environment of society is emphasized.

Keywords: legal socialization, education, educational process, legal education, philosophy of law, legal regulation, pedagogy, legal culture, legal behavior, legal consciousness

Abstract: Within the framework of this work, the use of an arsenal of pedagogical tools to increase the cognitive activity of students in the study of biology in the 7th grade is proposed. The implementation of an individual-group approach for the development of communication and teamwork skills, the realization of differentiated learning opportunities, and consideration of individual characteristics of students is considered in detail. As an example, the use of the proposed tools for studying the topic "Bacteria" is considered, the developed materials and algorithm for conducting lessons are given. To assess the effectiveness of the experimental technique, verification work was carried out; the data obtained were analyzed and compared with those obtained within the framework of the traditional frontal form of material presentation. It is assumed that the widespread introduction of such approaches not only solves particular research tasks, but can also contribute to improving the effectiveness of school education in general. Among the proposed methods, individual and group learning, mathematical tasks, laboratory experiment, problematic issues, and the construction of mental maps were used. The experience of the experiment and the results of processing the obtained data demonstrated the effectiveness and some limitations of the proposed approach. Thus, within the framework of the traditional form of the lesson, students were more quickly involved in the educational process and successfully completed reproductive tasks. However, creative and problematic tasks were better solved by students who studied the topic in the format of individual and group work. According to the feedback received, the students generally appreciated the experience gained and recognized its benefits for the development of communication skills and teamwork. Among the main prospects, the possibility of studying the subject at an in-depth level as part of groups formed from the most prepared and motivated students is noted.

Keywords: interdisciplinary, mental maps, advanced level, creative tasks, problem tasks, differentiated learning, educational motivation, cognitive activity, individual-group learning, teaching biology methods

Abstract: Special attention is paid to the ways of teaching Russian vocabulary, which can be used during the lessons of the Russian as a foreign language. Since in the modern world the ability to communicate in a foreign language is becoming an increasingly important and in-demand skill, knowledge of foreign languages is necessary, especially for students who seek to study or work abroad. If students have already reached the B1+ level in Russian, then already have good basic skills and can communicate fluently in Russian. However, in order to further develop and improve your knowledge, you need to actively expand your vocabulary. The main conclusions of the study are the importance and practicality of mastering Russian vocabulary for successful communication in various spheres of life in the country of the language being studied. Special importance is attached to the level of Russian language proficiency, as Russia plays a significant role in the international arena. Therefore, for international students who have reached the B1+ level, mastering Russian vocabulary is one of the key tasks. However, teaching Russian as a foreign language has its own peculiarities, so it is necessary to develop effective methods of teaching vocabulary to students. Russian vocabulary training for foreign students of the B1+ level is an important part of learning Russian. Possession of a rich vocabulary makes it not only easier to build communication in Russian, but also expands opportunities in the field of work, education and cultural potential.

Keywords: foreign students, authentic, Russian language, way, game, text, linguistic and cultural adaptation, association, word, vocabulary