Abstract: The article presents a detailed analysis of various means that intensify the expressive meaning of the state category in modern Russian language. The study focuses not only on impersonal predicative words, but also on prepositional-case forms of nouns that act as predicates and represent the thought of a state. The relevance of this study is determined by the increased interest of contemporary linguistics in the problems of state semantics and the necessity of examining it in terms of intensity and expressiveness of the constantly growing lexical stock of the state category. The characteristic features of lexical intensifiers, which have different semantic potentials and additional nuances in specific communicative situations, are described and defined. Various means of intensification contribute to enriching emotional expressiveness and allow speakers to convey a wider range of emotions and states more accurately. The research employs methods of structural-semantic analysis, descriptive and classificatory methods, as well as a continuous sampling method for selecting practical linguistic material, contextual methods, and linguosemantic analysis of the meanings of the state category and their interaction with various intensifiers. The aim of this article is to examine and clarify the structural-semantic features of the means that contribute to the representation of the intensification of expressiveness of the state category at different levels of the Russian language. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematic description of linguistic methods of expressing the expressiveness of the state category at different levels of language, as well as in identifying the emotional-expressive features of adjectival and adverbial intensifiers. Special attention is given to specific means of expressing the meaning of intensity at the phonetic, lexical, word-formation-morphological, and syntactic levels of the Russian language. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the contribution of the results obtained to the theory of the linguistic category of state. In the concluding part of the work, the author notes the prospects for further research on the semantics of the state in the aspect of expressiveness.

Keywords: category of state, Predicative-case forms, expressiveness, evaluativeness, intensity, emotionality, intensifier, semantics, predicativity, graduality

Abstract: This article analyzes metaphorical models in environmental texts published in Russian and Chinese media. The relevance of this study lies in the lack of research on metaphors in Russian and Chinese environmental texts, including comparative analysis. At the same time, the study of metaphors helps to identify environmental consciousness in the linguistic picture of the world. The material for the study is texts on environmental issues in Russian and Chinese media. The purpose of this study is to identify linguocultural features by analyzing metaphorical models in the environmental discourse of Russian and Chinese media. The objectives of the study are to identify and describe metaphorical models in texts on environmental issues in Russian and Chinese media; determine their pragmatic and evaluative functions; and analyze linguocultural similarities and differences. This study uses an approach that combines comparative discourse analysis and cognitive-semantic description of metaphor based on the theory of the metaphorical model of A. P. Chudinov. The results of the study showed that the most productive metaphorical models are the criminal and military metaphors. The criminal metaphor generates a pronounced evaluativeness and moral condemnation of environmental damage; the military metaphor enhances mobilization potential and represents the managerial effect as a "victory." Linguistic and cultural differences include the Chinese text's tendency toward standardized campaign names and an emphasis on the defending subject, while Russian texts more often emphasize destruction, presented as an aggressive act and a threat. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its first comparative analysis of metaphorical models in the environmental discourse of Russian and Chinese media. The study offers an analytical approach to identifying the linguocultural characteristics of environmental media discourse and may contribute to a more accurate and appropriate linguistic formulation of the environmental agenda in the media.

Keywords: metaphor, conceptual metaphor, metaphorical model, criminal metaphor, military metaphor, concept, environmental issues, environmental discourse, media discourse, mass media

Abstract: The subject of this study are the neologisms within the lexical-semantic field INTERNET. The object of the research are the ways of their adaptation in modern Russian and their features. The article discusses issues related to the change of the attitude of internet user toward the need to comply with linguistic norms, which causes the emergence of orthographic, phonetic, morphological and word-formation variants of loanwords. The aim of this article is to classify the adaptation features of English-language lexemes, namely, to identify their variants belonging to different aspects of language. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives were set: to identify borrowed nouns within lexical-semantic field INTERNET, to study their functioning in various contexts, and to classify the features of lexeme adaptation based on this analysis. Modern explanatory dictionaries, as well as search data from Google and Yandex, were used as sources of linguistic information on the adaptation of loanwords. In order to identify the functional characteristics of these units in modern Russian, the descriptive method was used in this article. The units were also characterised from a stylistic perspective, the features associated with the use of different alphabets – Cyrillic and Latin – were also examined. The scientific novelty of this study lie the systematic analysis of loanword adaptation using units from the lexical-semantic field INTERNET. This analysis identified key areas of variability at different language levels, and concluded not only that the ongoing adaptive changes are systematic but also that the scope of variability is expanding. This is largely due to the rapid growth in the number of borrowings, resulting in the emergence of new graphic and phonetic variants. It is also noted that, although units from this lexical-semantic field are gradually being reflected in explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language, the fixed use of words in dictionary definitions does not always lead to a reduction in variability.

Keywords: internet linguistics, neological processes, loanword adaptation, order of loanword adaptation, graphical variants, phonetical variants, morphological loanword adaptation, word-formative derivation, stylistic peculiarities of internet vocabulary, reflection of loanwords in dictionaries

Abstract: The subject of the study in this article is the linguocognitive and semantic means of representing the concept of "family" and its anomalies in literary texts. The object of the study is the short story by contemporary regional author Svetlana Zakharova titled "A Pood of Salt for Two." The author examines such aspects of the theme as the structure of the concept of "family" (conceptual, figurative, and value components), its etymology, and lexicographical representation in detail. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the spatial organization of the text (the family space vs. the space of past relationships) as a marker of family well-being or discord, as well as the verbalization of the images of family members (Stepan, Tatyana, Katya) and their relationships through a system of expressive means. The study also explores the symbolic significance of the key phraseologism "a pood of salt," which is highlighted in the title. The methodological basis of the study consists of a descriptive-analytical method that includes observation, interpretation, and classification of the linguistic material, as well as a method of conceptual analysis that revealed the structure and content of the concept of "family." Additionally, the method of linguistic analysis of the literary text is employed, aimed at studying the functional burden of lexical and figurative means in creating a family linguistic picture of the world. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the representation of family relationships and anomalies based on the material of Zakharova's little-studied short story. The work identifies and describes for the first time the linguistic mechanisms by which the author constructs the opposition of idyllic and crisis chronotopes of the family. A significant contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the demonstration that markers of family anomaly serve not only direct nominations but also implicit means. The main conclusions are: the spatial organization of the story serves as a key indicator of family dysfunction (the domestic space of the family is only outlined, while the space of past relationships is detailed and emotionally charged); the representation of images is built on the contrast between the pragmatism of the wife and the sensuality of another woman; the phraseologism "a pood of salt" in the title is reinterpreted – instead of being a measure of long acquaintance, it becomes a symbol of the illusory nature of mutual understanding in a marriage that outwardly seems prosperous.

Keywords: the family, family anomalies, linguocognitive analysis, literary text, A Pud of Salt for Two, the phraseological unit, S. Zakharova, the spatial organization of the story, character system, language picture of the world

Abstract: The article is devoted to identifying the psychologically real meaning of the word "femininity" in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking youth, taking into account the gender factor. The relevance of the study is determined by the transformation of ideas about gender roles that occurred in the 21st century, and the need to clarify the content of basic gender-marked concepts in the modern linguistic worldview. The object of the study is the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking youth. The subject of the research is the structure of the psycholinguistic meaning of the word "femininity" and its gender characteristics. The aim of the work is to determine the psychologically real meaning of the word "femininity" and to identify its integral and differential components in male and female associative fields. The material for the study was the data from a free associative experiment conducted among Russian-speaking respondents aged 17 to 30 using electronic questionnaires. The methods used in the work included free associative experiments, quantitative analysis, semantic interpretation, and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the attempt to analyze the gender difference in the content of representations of femininity among respondents who formed their ideas about gender roles during the emergence of a pluralistic model of gender. As a result, it was found that in the associative fields of respondents of both genders, the aesthetic component related to perceptions of beauty is dominant; however, the structure and degree of detail of this component differ. In the female subcorpus, the associative field is characterized by greater specification, while in the male corpus, the component is represented by the abstract noun "beauty" without clarifying parameters. There is a greater role of behavioral and personal characteristics in the male subcorpus. The presence of a reflective layer of meaning is identified in the female corpus, actualizing the attribute of insincerity. It is concluded that the psychologically real meaning of the word "femininity" does not completely coincide with its lexicographic description and includes both normatively established traits and additional components dependent on the gender parameter of the respondent.

Keywords: gender, femininity, gender display, gender stereotype, psycholinguistics, linguistic consciousness, psychologically real meaning, structure of individual meaning, free associative experiment, semantic field

Abstract: The article analyzes the anti-novel "Pale Fire" by V. V. Nabokov in the context of identifying intertextual connections with Chinese literature. The relevance of the conducted research is determined by contemporary trends in the study of the heritage of Soviet and Russian bilingual writers in emigration as continuators of literary tradition in a multicultural environment. The hypothesis of the research is that Nabokov's novel "Pale Fire" evidently bears intertextual connections with Chinese literature and culture. Researchers point to the complex semiotics and system of images created by Nabokov, where Chinese references and images may reflect themes of illusion, "double" life, and lack of authenticity, characteristic of Nabokov's works. Chinese motifs are used to create an exotic background for the narrative, highlighting themes of alienation and the search for the lost. The subject of the study is the intertextual connections with Chinese literature and the image-artifacts of Chinese culture in Nabokov's "Pale Fire." To address this task, it is appropriate to use methods of structural-semiotic analysis, post-classical narratology, and receptive aesthetics. The material for the research is Nabokov's novel "Pale Fire," in which references to Chinese literature and culture can be found. The study tests methods of intertextual, narrative, and structural-semiotic analysis of the work "Pale Fire," created by a multilingual author in a situation of intercultural communication. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it offers a scientifically grounded complex of methodological achievements obtained as a result of a systematic study of Nabokov's novel. The scientific novelty is also related to establishing the connection between the artistic narrative of Nabokov's anti-novel and Chinese literature. As a result, the research forms an understanding of the possibilities of these methods in analyzing works by bilingual authors. Moreover, the results and proposed methodology for analysis can be applied within a broader historical-literary study of the heritage of Russian émigré authors as continuators of the Russian classical literary tradition in other cultural contexts.

Keywords: intertextual connections, Chinese literature, irony, unreliable narrator, Nabokov, Nabokov studies, China, Chinese imagery, Chinese motifs, postmodernism

Abstract: The subject of the research is the content of the websites of charitable foundations in the Russian Federation founded by prominent figures (singers, actors, etc.). The object of the research is the media representation strategy of the charitable foundation in relation to the founder's presence in the media, their creativity, and personal circumstances of life. The author examines aspects of the topic such as the content of the homepage, news on the site in their visual and syntactic formatting, and the connection of the identified strategy with the foundation's focus on various pathologies. Special attention is paid to the formulation of three types of strategies, conditionally named "active activity," "significant absence," and "integration." The choice of a specific strategy is determined by the nature of the foundation's assistance concerning its beneficiaries: whether the assistance is aimed at curing the disease (if possible) or maintaining the quality of life with health limitations. Research methods used include complete sampling, content analysis, and structural-semantic analysis of the corpus of headlines obtained through complete sampling. The main conclusions of the study concern the the three strategies of the relationship between the positioning in the media space of the charitable foundation and the specific person: the founder's active involvement as an example of a "success story" inspiring the foundation's beneficiaries, significant absence as a strategy of silence about the tragic story that inspired the foundation's creation, and integration into the context of creativity aimed at expanding knowledge about the disease and assisting patients. A significant contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the description of the syntactic structure of news headlines that form the above-mentioned strategies, as well as the connection between the headline, the text, the visualization on the website, and the overall amount of content. The novelty of the research lies in the examination of the media representation strategy of charitable foundations associated with personalities famous not for their charity work: it traces how the media presence of the charitable organization is linked to the context of the founder's creativity and life.

Keywords: charity, media representation, media sphere, charitable foundation, title, sintactic structure, subject, preposition, media personality, news

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the analysis of the phenomenon of politicization of non-political content in contemporary public communication. The relevance of the study is caused by a persistent trend observed in Russian political talk shows: the involvement of elements from everyday, spiritual, cultural, and social spheres to achieve the goals of political discourse and to transmit ideological attitudes to the mass audience. The subject of the study is the linguo-discursive mechanisms that ensure the integration of non-political meanings into political polemics. The aim of the work is to systematically identify and analyze the techniques through which these elements are adapted for the argumentation of political positions and for enhancing suggestive impact. The article examines in detail such tools as the metaphorization of everyday concepts, appeal to historical memory and cultural codes, as well as the use of precedents, which allows for the identification of patterns in the transformation of neutral topics into instruments of political dialogue. The methodological basis of the research consists of discourse analysis, content analysis, and a pragma-linguistic approach, which allows to examine the phenomenon in the unity of linguistic, communicative, and ideological aspects. To describe specific linguistic phenomena (metaphors, analogies, precedent phenomena), methods of interpretative analysis are applied. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive description of the phenomenon of non-political content in political discourse as a stable communicative strategy of contemporary Russian media discourse, as well as in identifying specific linguistic markers that facilitate the transfer of value and semantic dominants from various spheres into the realm of political communication. As a result of the study, it was established that the dominant technique is allusion, primarily realized through reference to precedent phenomena and precedent situations. According to the semantic criterion, non-political inclusions are classified into literary, historical, humorous, song-related, and everyday categories. From a pragmatic perspective, it is proved that these techniques serve key communicative strategies of television polemics: strategy for enhancement (realized through "plus" presentation and analysis tactics), strategy for reduction (through "minus" analysis tactics), and strategy of theatricality (through ironic tactics).

Keywords: political discourse, non-political content, politicization, political talk show, intertextuality, communicative strategies, communicative tactics, upstrategy, downstrategy, theatricality strategy

Abstract: The subject of this study is the linguistic means and specific features of the verbal representation of the image of the elderly in Russian online discourse, as well as the characteristics of their functioning in the context of digital communication. The research analyzes neutral vocabulary, euphemisms, metaphorical images, and expressive vocabulary through which the perception of the elderly is constructed in the online environment. Particular attention is paid to the correlation of these linguistic units with the features of the Russian linguistic mentality, traditional cultural ideas about old age, and contemporary social processes. The subject of the study includes examining semantic shifts in the nomination of the elderly, manifestations of gerontological ageism, and the ambivalence of attitudes towards the older generation, as reflected in the vocabulary and discursive practices of Russian Internet users. The work employs contextual, lexico-semantic, and componential analysis. The study is based on materials from Russian-language online texts, including news sites and comments on social networks. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive study of the verbal representation of the image of the elderly in Russian online discourse, taking into account the interrelationship between linguistic mentality, traditional cultural perceptions of old age, and modern social trends. The research identified and analyzed the linguistic means that shape the perception of the elderly in Russian online discourse, as well as their connection to the cultural and linguistic characteristics of Russian society. The study showed that the image of the elderly in the online environment forms a complex, multi-layered, and multi-stylistic system of linguistic expressions, encompassing neutral vocabulary, euphemisms, metaphors, and negatively charged vocabulary reflecting gerontological ageism. These results confirm that the attitude towards old age and representatives of the older generation is a vivid manifestation of the Russian linguistic mentality, and online discourse serves as an important medium through which the deep-seated values of Russian culture concerning old age, as well as contemporary social changes, are reflected.

Keywords: image of the elderly, online discourse, linguistic mentality, means, verbal representation, euphemism, metaphor, gerontological ageism, old age, Russian-language online texts

Abstract: The subject of the study is the didactic possibilities of using generative neural networks (text models, image generators, and speech synthesizers) in the practice of teaching the Russian language as a foreign language, as well as the methodological conditions for their effective integration into the structure of a lesson. The author considers ways to apply neural network technologies for creating educational materials of various types (for example: adapted texts, visual aids, audio materials), developing a system of exercises and assignments, organizing classroom work for students, as well as the transformation of the professional functions of the teacher in the context of the digitization of language education. The aim of the work is to identify and systematize methodological approaches to the application of neural network technologies for creating educational materials and organizing classroom work at the B1 level (first certification level). The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the issue of the digitization of language education, linguodidactic modeling of the educational process using neural networks (Kandinsky 3.0, Midjourney, DeepSeek, speech synthesizers), as well as the generalization of practical experience with foreign students. The novelty of the research lies in the development and testing of an interactive methodological model that integrates the capabilities of various types of neural networks (text generative models, visual generators, and speech synthesizers) into the structure of a specific lesson built on the materials of the textbook "Road to Russia" (first level). Unlike existing works dedicated to the general description of the potential of AI in education, this study presents a step-by-step implementation of the model using the theme "Biography of A.P. Chekhov," with a detailed characterization of the pre-text, inter-text, and post-text stages, as well as the results of testing in groups of foreign students. It is substantiated that neural networks serve as a tool that expands the didactic arsenal of the teacher, allowing for the creation of authentic visual content, adapted educational texts, and audio materials, while simultaneously serving as a means of developing students' communicative and digital competencies. The conclusions justify that neural networks act as an assistant to the teacher and are a tool that expands their didactic "arsenal." Neural networks enable the creation of authentic visual content, adapted educational texts, and audio materials, and serve as a means of developing students' communicative and digital competencies.

Keywords: generative neural networks, artificial intelligence, Russian as foreign language, language teaching methodology, digital educational technologies, generative models, visualization of educational material, speech synthesis, communicative competence, methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language

Abstract: The subject of the research is the production process of political data journalism and related visualization strategies in two institutionally different media environments—China and Russia—in the context of the active implementation of artificial intelligence tools and big data analytics. The focus of the research includes editorial practices, technological and organizational drivers, as well as specific visualization solutions in the publications of news organizations (the specialized sections Data News of Xinhua and Infographics of TASS). The analysis focuses on data selection and verification processes, the architecture of hybrid editorial teams, algorithmic content editing, the transparency of methodology, and the communicative function of visualizations in the representation of political events. The study covers the period from 2022 to 2024 and is based on a comparative content and visual-analytical analysis of relevant publications; attention is paid to institutional differences that affect the quality and interpretation of political data products. The methodological foundation is an interdisciplinary approach combining theories of media communication, political linguistics, and data science: methods include qualitative content analysis of publications, comparative analysis, case studies, and a review of professional literature. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integration of original concepts from both domestic and foreign researchers with empirical analysis of relevant data sections of news organizations to formulate generalized conclusions about the transformation of political news production under the influence of AI. For the first time, the comparison includes: (a) institutional access to administrative data and state infrastructure (PRC) with practices of independent editorial openness and reproducibility (Western media and certain Russian projects); (b) the level of methodological transparency and the degree of interactivity of visualizations; (c) editorial architectures (hybrid teams of journalists, analysts, and developers). Key findings: the institutional context determines not only technical capabilities but also the frameworks for editorial autonomy and critical interpretation; access to government databases accelerates the creation of detailed visualizations but does not guarantee methodological transparency; independent projects demonstrate best practices in verification and openness but face resource constraints. The practical contribution includes recommendations for implementing editorial protocols for methodological transparency, mandatory documentation of data sources, and training journalists in critical skills for working with algorithms and visualizations.

Keywords: data journalism, artificial intelligence, data visualization, political news, institutional context, algorithmic revision, data verification, hybrid editorial teams, cross-country benchmarking, ethical audit

Abstract: The article is devoted to the linguocultural specifics of the formation of German- and Russian-language names of catering establishments. The subject of the study is the structural and semantic features of restaurant names. The object of the study comprises restaurant names as the names of catering establishments. The material for the research includes lists of restaurants located in the center of Moscow and Berlin, published on the electronic resources Restoclub.ru and Speisekarte.de. The research tasks are: to establish the main types of Berlin and Moscow restaurant names; to define and characterize the types of identifiers and classifiers of German- and Russian-language names of catering establishments; to identify their structural and semantic features; to establish common and differential ways of forming restaurant names in the Russian and German languages. The authors thoroughly examine the creation of restaurant names in the discussed languages using onymic elements, numbers, and communicative constructions. Particular attention is paid to hybrid nominations. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study includes general theoretical works in the field of onomastics by N.V. Podolskaya, O.S. Issers, as well as works in the field of ergonomics by I.T. Vepryova and G.N. Starikov. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the material of the study consists of restaurant names from the central parts of Berlin and Moscow; a new aspect is the identification of the specifics of forming names of catering establishments in a linguocultural context. A well-established model of creating German-language restaurant names, which includes an identifier, has been identified. It has been established that the difference manifests in the different roles of classifiers in restaurant names in the German and Russian languages. The unstable nature of the creation of Russian-language restaurant names has been revealed, indicating the dynamic processes of their formation. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the establishment of common and differential features of the formation of names of catering establishments in the German- and Russian-speaking spaces. Common features include a variety in the number of identifiers and the use of classifiers that mark the national or regional character of the restaurant business, as well as the participation of onymic elements in the formation of restaurant names. The distinction lies in the role of the identifier as an element of the restaurant name in German, and as an element of accompanying text in Russian.

Keywords: onym, ergonym, restoronym, identifier, classifier, godonym, hybrid nomination, restoronym-replica, naming, word formation

Abstract: This article examines meteorological (weather) vocabulary as a fragment of the bilingual writer Vladimir Nabokov’s idiolect. The material for the analysis was the English-language original of the novel “Lolita” and its author’s translation into Russian. The aim of the paper is to examine the weather-related fragment of the writer’s linguistic worldview and to identify the specifics of the lexical objectification of meteorological reality, conditioned by the author’s translation. The focus is on a comparative analysis of linguistic units nominating meteorological realities. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, including a continuous sampling method for forming a corpus of examples, quantitative and comparative analysis, as well as part-of-speech and dominant classification of the selected lexemes. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the application of a lexicographic approach to a layer of meteorological vocabulary that is rarely studied in terms of artistic self-translation, which allowed for the first time to approach the presentation of a comprehensive picture of this segment of V. Nabokov’s idiolect. The findings reveal that while the overall quantity of weather vocabulary is similar in both versions, their qualitative and part-of-speech composition differs significantly. Nouns dominate in both texts, but the Russian translation contains twice as many adjectives and notably fewer verbs. The analysis identifies dominant lexemes and traces semantic and quantitative discrepancies in equivalent pairs to both the inherent differences between the English and Russian language systems and the author’s specific translation strategies. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that despite parallel quantitative indicators, the weather fragments in Nabokov’s bilingual worldview are not identical, reflecting a complex interplay of linguistic structure and authorial choice.

Keywords: concept sphere, weather vocabulary, idiolect, linguistic worldview, quantitative analysis, dominant lexemes, translation transformations, bilingualism, V. Nabokov, Lolita

Abstract: The subject of the study is the mechanisms of cross-cultural translation of gaming memes as polycode phenomena of digital communication functioning at the junction of verbal and visual semiotic systems in a globalized gaming discourse. The focus is on the processes of circulation, adaptation and reinterpretation of memetic content between different linguistic and cultural communities, as well as their impact on the formation of transnational communication practices in the gaming environment. The aim of the work is to study the patterns of intercultural adaptation of game memes through a multidimensional analysis of their semiotic (the ratio of verbal and iconic components), thematic and pragmatic (communicative functions and usage strategies) characteristics. The research aims to identify specific mechanisms that ensure the successful translation of memes between different cultural contexts, as well as to determine their role as the most important mediators of intercultural interaction in game communities. When considering memes as a universal language of cross-cultural interaction in the context of game discourse, their integrative and differentiating functions in the formation of a hybrid identity of gaming communities are analyzed. Based on the synthesis of discourse analysis and visual semiotics, the life cycle of a meme is determined and described from its origin in a local context to adaptation in a foreign language environment. Special attention is paid to the factors of successful cross-cultural adaptation, as well as cases of conflict of interpretations, demonstrating the boundaries of intercultural understanding. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the mechanisms of cultural hybridization of memetic content during its transition between different linguistic and cultural communities, as well as their role in the formation of a transnational gaming identity. The results of the study make it possible to clarify the understanding of the dynamics of the formation of the global gaming cultural code and the role of memes in the processes of digital localization and intercultural communication in gaming. The data obtained can be used both by gaming companies to improve cross-cultural interaction in communities, and by academic researchers in the study of modern media practices. The main conclusions of the study indicate that gaming memes perform a dual function in the modern digital space: on the one hand, acting as the universal language of the global gaming community due to the visual recognition of basic patterns and game references, on the other – preserving cultural specificity through the variability of verbal components and local contexts of interpretation.

Keywords: internet memes, gaming memes, game discourse, cross-cultural communication, cultural adaptation, globalization, digital identity, cultural code, communicative rituals, intercultural misunderstanding

Abstract: In the modern globalized world, media images play a crucial role in shaping and developing inter-state relations. The research aims to identify the influence of images formed in the media on the perception of states in the global space. A key task of this study is to determine strategic approaches to utilizing these images in the context of international relations. Analyzing the role of media constructs in diplomatic interaction and world politics constitutes the fundamental basis of this scientific work. The article also addresses the challenges associated with information manipulation and the spread of misinformation, as well as methods to combat these threats. A fresh perspective on the interaction between state and non-state entities in forming a positive national image complements the summary of existing research on this topic. The article serves as an overview of the key aspects of using media images in international politics and diplomacy, as well as their impact on the perception of countries on the global stage. Strategies for creating and promoting media images are examined, including the positioning of a country to establish its positive reputation and "correct" associations; the use of key strategies to shape the external media image. Based on the overview presented in the article, the importance of coordination among various state and non-state actors for the formation of a positive media image of the country, which promotes its national interests, is emphasized. In conclusion, the research concludes that effective management of a country's media image can become an efficient tool for peaceful interaction and cooperation in international relations. The development of technologies and social media has led to an era where a country's image can drastically change its position, reputation, and perception on the global political scene. The relevance of this article is due to the need for a deep understanding of the mechanisms for forming media images and their influence on inter-state relations, especially in the context of the rapid development of the digital age and the rapidly changing information landscape.

Keywords: media image, information dissemination media, Russia, disinformation, media space, image, politics, state, national image, digital era

Abstract: Modern linguistic research increasingly focuses on the study of internet communication language, which combines features of both spoken and written speech, offering various options for their correlation in a "unified" graphic form. The appeal of this language spectrum lies in the fact that internet communication reflects the current characteristics of communication in general. This includes the question of the ethics of communication, the preservation of long-standing norms of written speech. The subject of this research is the specificity of the inclusion of address in internet communication, the peculiarities of the functioning of address as a means of differentiating styles of communication (in this case, the distinction between business and "friendly" communication), and the specifics of incorporating address in group chats both at the beginning of a dialogue and while attracting the attention of one of the chat participants. The following methods were used in the research: observation method, comparison method, semantic analysis method, contextual analysis method, and survey method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it provides a comprehensive description of address as a discursive marker that organizes the beginning and further development of internet communication for the first time. The area of application of the results includes media linguistics, stylistics of the Russian language, and the practical course of modern Russian language. During the work with survey data, key trends in the use of addresses depending on the formality of the context were identified and systematized; the main factors determining the choice of address form were classified; methods of graphic design of addresses were characterized; and the perception of different forms of address by addressees and their pragmatic effect were outlined. Furthermore, the research established that the punctuation design of the address holds particular significance in its perception, which is interpreted by many communicators as either an excessive manifestation of politeness or, conversely, disdain in communication.

Keywords: appeal, internet-communication, dialogue, media text, linguopragmatic features of communication, business communication style, conversational style, addressee, phatic function of language, communication etiquette

Abstract: The subject of the research is bilingualism as a rhetorical-stylistic mechanism of the political leader's pre-election media discourse. The object of analysis is pre-election media communication in the context of institutionalized public bilingualism. The author examines in detail aspects of the topic such as the strategic distribution of language codes, their functional load in electoral interaction, as well as the relationship between language choice, the type of address, and the communicative task of the statement. Special attention is paid to the development of a typology of models of bilingual pre-election media discourse and the identification of principles for the distribution of thematic dominants, registers, and argumentative strategies between languages. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate bilingualism as a discursive mechanism and to construct an operational model for analyzing the strategic use of language resources in political communication. The methodological foundation of the research includes the principles of media linguistics, critical discourse analysis, political rhetoric, and sociolinguistics of bilingualism. Comparative analysis, parametric annotation of statements, and qualitative interpretation of media texts of electoral video speeches were employed. The novelty of the research lies in conceptualizing bilingualism not as a sociolinguistic background or technical message duplication, but as a mechanism of strategic discursive action. The main conclusions of the conducted study are that there is a systemic correlation between the choice of language code, the type of addressee, and the functional load of the statement within the structure of pre-election media discourse. A significant contribution of the author to the research on this topic is the development of an operational typology of rhetorical-stylistic implementation of bilingual pre-election media discourse, which includes symmetrical, asymmetrical, and marker models. The proposed model expands the analytical toolkit of political linguistics and political media linguistics and can be used to study electoral communication during the pre-election period in multilingual societies, refining the understanding of bilingualism as a structural element of strategic political discourse.

Keywords: bilingualism, bilinguism, pre-election media discourse, media linguistics, language coding, rhetorical-stylistic typology, discourse-constituting mechanisms, linguistic identity, Republic of Moldova, multilingual society

Abstract: The subject of the research is the theoretical and institutional foundations of organizational reputation management in the system of modern media communications. Reputation is considered as a complex media communication category that is formed in the process of interaction between the organization and various stakeholder groups in the public information space. Special attention is given to the analysis of the institutionalization of reputation management in the context of the development of public relations theory, corporate and strategic communications. The study explores key theoretical models of communication management, including the typology of PR models and the concept of strategic communications, as well as their influence on the formation of modern reputation management practices. Additionally, the transformation of mechanisms for forming organizational reputation under the conditions of media environment digitalization, communication space platformization, and the spread of algorithmic content selection mechanisms is analyzed. In this context, the subject of research also includes new forms of communication interaction – multichannel communication strategies, influencer communications, and the formation of reputational assessments in online communities on digital platforms. The methodological basis of the research consists of systemic and institutional approaches, as well as methods of comparative theoretical analysis, content analysis of scientific literature, and conceptual modeling, applied to identify the characteristics of reputation formation and management within the digital media communication environment. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of theoretical approaches to organizational reputation management in the context of the transformation of the media communication environment and the development of an institutional understanding of reputation management as an integrated system of strategic communications. The work shows that an organization's reputation is formed not only as a result of communication impact but also as a derivative of a combination of communication practices, institutional behavior, and the quality of interaction with key stakeholders. It is argued that in the context of media space digitalization, traditional models of reputation management are being transformed under the influence of platform logic for information dissemination, algorithmic content selection, and the development of online communities. The article concludes that effective reputation management in the modern media communication environment requires the integration of strategic communications, media data analysis, and multichannel communication strategies. It is demonstrated that the development of digital platforms, influencer communications, and network forms of interaction enhances the role of dialogical communication models and requires a shift from transmissional communication practices to systematic reputation management in the context of the digital public sphere.

Keywords: Media, Reputation, Internet, Digital, PR, Social media, AI, Strategic communications, Corporate communications, GR

Abstract: The article presents a comprehensive study of intermedial strategies in the cycle of novels by Victor Pelevin titled "Transhumanism," which includes the works "Transhumanism inc.," "KGBT+," "Journey to Eleusis," and "Kruť." The main focus of the analysis is the mechanisms of interaction and mutual influence of various media formats (book illustrations, musical playlists, and digital hashtags) within the structure of literary narrative. Special attention is paid to examining how these intermedial elements participate in the formation of a unique imagistic-thematic universe, enrich the semantic space of the text, and transform traditional narrative strategies. The work details how visual, auditory, and digital components cease to be auxiliary, becoming full-fledged meaning-generating elements of the artistic system, which fundamentally alters the nature of reader perception in the context of contemporary digital culture. An interdisciplinary methodological approach is applied, combining methods of semiotic, cognitive, and intermedial analysis. This has allowed for the exploration of the polycode nature of Pelevin's texts and the mechanisms of interaction among different media within the structure of the literary work. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of V. Pelevin's intermedial strategies, revealing fundamentally new approaches to the organization of artistic text in the digital age. Of particular significance is the identification of three key aspects: firstly, the demonstration of how digital elements (hashtags, playlists) transform into independent narrative units; secondly, the analysis of the mechanisms of interaction between verbal and non-verbal components of the text; thirdly, the exploration of the transformation of reader perception under the influence of polycode structures. The results obtained allow for a renewed understanding of the evolution of literary forms in a mediatized culture, where the boundaries between traditional and digital narrative formats become increasingly permeable. The study makes a significant contribution to the development of intermediality theory, offering an original methodology for analyzing contemporary literary practices.

Keywords: Intermediality, Pelevin, Ekphrasis, Digital media, Semiotics, Polylingual text, Postmodernism, Media textuality, Transhumanism, Narrative strategies

Abstract: The article focuses on archaisms, dialectisms, and narrative constructions as means of implementing argumentation in E. G. Vodolazkin's novel "Laurus." The artistic structure of "Laurus" by E. G. Vodolazkin is analyzed in terms of the interaction between archaic, Church Slavonic, and dialectal vocabulary with the peculiarities of narrative organization. Special attention is paid to how archaisms and dialectisms are integrated into the system of artistic argumentation, creating an effect of historical and cultural authenticity while enhancing the philosophical issues of the work. The role of narrative perspective, temporal multilayering, and shifts in narrative registers in forming a cohesive rhetorical-philosophical space of the text is also examined. Thus, the subject of the research is defined as a set of linguistic and compositional mechanisms that ensure the argumentative organization of the novel and reveal its concept of spiritual continuity and the continuity of existence. The methodological foundation of the research consists of functional-stylistic, structural-semantic, and contextual analysis combined with a narratological approach, allowing the identification of systemic mechanisms of linguistic argumentation and describing their role in forming the philosophical-rhetorical integrity of the text. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive examination of the argumentative potential of the novel "Laurus" by E. G. Vodolazkin through the lens of the interaction between lexical archaism and narrative structure, allowing the interpretation of the artistic text as a form of philosophical proof. The study attempts a systemic analysis, demonstrating that archaisms, dialectisms, and Church Slavonicisms function not only as stylistic markers of a historical era but also as means of semantic argumentation, shaping the value and ideological perspective of the work. It is established that the multilayered temporal organization of the narrative and the variability of narrative registers enhance the effect of persuasion, creating a model of spiritual continuity and the continuity of existence. The conclusion is drawn that the linguistic fabric and compositional dynamics of the novel form a coherent rhetorical-philosophical system in which argumentation is realized through the synthesis of lexical, semantic, and narrative means.

Keywords: archaisms, dialecticisms, narrative, argumentation, literary text, focalization, persuasiveness, text linguistics, axiological dominant, lexical archaization

Abstract: The subject of the study is the artistic representation of the identity crisis of the main character in O. Sudzhik's novel "Sympathy" – a twenty-three-year-old British woman, Alice Hay, a representative of the millennial generation. In recent decades, the millennial generation (born 1982–2002) has attracted the attention of not only sociologists but also literary scholars, as it embodies the symbol of the new millennium, a time when humanity stepped into the digital age and traditional social norms began to change rapidly. The analyzed work is referred to by literary critics as “the first significant Instagram novel” due to the author's ability to innovatively integrate the aesthetics of social networks into the narrative fabric and to raise relevant issues of internet addiction, data capitalism, and the influence of technology on identity. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the author's interpretation of the identity crisis facing millennials. The article employs a systematic methodological approach based on a combination of the following methods of literary analysis: biographical, cultural-historical, and comparative. The author analyzes the poetics of the heroine's name, the symbolic imagery, intersexual characteristics, and the chronotope. To date, O. Sudzhik's debut novel "Sympathy" (2017) has not been translated into Russian and is being analyzed in its original language for the first time in domestic literary studies, which defines the scientific novelty of the conducted research. As a result, it has been established that the identity crisis of the heroine is determined by the impossibility of integrating the disparate layers of her multidimensional "self" (narrative, virtual, and sociocultural). The millennial simultaneously exists in multiple spaces, breaking down the continuum of subjectivity. The fragmentation of identity arises from the displacement of authentic layers of experience by virtual narratives from social networks and simulacra, forming a false perception of reality where illusion is accepted as authenticity, leading to existential emptiness. This process is determined by global shifts in the digital age of the 21st century, which are disrupting traditional models of subjectivity and worldview.

Keywords: O. Sudjic, Sympathy, millennial, millennial novel, narration, identity, identity crisis, identity problem, Contemporary British Novel, digitalization

Abstract: The subject of this article's research is the philosophical motif in the fabric of literary works. Accordingly, the object of the study is a literary work as a text possessing cultural and artistic value. The philosophical motif is defined as a recurrent or overarching meta-theme of the work, connected with key philosophical categories of being, consciousness, truth, and freedom. Presenting the philosophical motif as a substantive universality of a highly artistic work, the authors highlight its main functions: the connection between the individual and the universal, the relativization of truth, and the transformation of a literary work into a philosophical practice. The structuring function of the philosophical motif is illustrated by examples from Anglo-American and French prose of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the major ways of realising the philosophical motif in a literary work – through the type of literary character and direct dialogue with directly philosophical texts (intertextuality). The methodology of the research is based on a theoretical analysis of literary studies approaches to defining the category of "philosophical motif." The work employs a comparative method to identify the functional features of philosophical motifs in various works, as well as a hermeneutic analysis that reveals their meaning-forming role in the artistic structure of texts. A significant contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the definition of the philosophical motif in a literary work, as the analysis of literature on the stated issue indicates the absence of a terminologically clear definition of this phenomenon. The main conclusions of the conducted research are about the role of philosophical motifs in the fabric of artistic text: the transformation of a private plot into a metaphor of universal human experience through establishing a connection between the personal and the transpersonal, the initiation of the reader's own philosophical effort, and the identification of the literary work with a philosophical practice realized by the author through poetic means, which is embodied in a reflective act for the reader. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of philosophical motifs as a structural and meaningful element of artistic text. Unlike existing works that primarily consider the ideological content of individual works, this study systematizes various theoretical approaches to defining the nature of the philosophical motif and identifies its invariant functions manifested in works from different literary eras and movements.

Keywords: literature, philosophy, motive, philosophical motive, artistic work, character, reflection, intertextuality, phenomenology, hermeneutics

Abstract: The aim of this work is to resolve a scholarly dispute regarding the applicability of the concept of "lyrical hero" to the poetry of Oleg Grigoryev for adults, using the analysis of a specific work as an example. Alternatively, it asks whether the author's creative output consists solely of masks of role-based lyricism. The subject of the research is primarily the structure of the illustrative poem "UGRO." This research is then related to a broad context of other texts by the author, which allows for an assessment of general patterns in Grigoryev's poetry. This enables the identification of a set of characteristics typical of the central heroes in those works of Grigoryev's adult poetry where the distance between the speaking subject and the implicit author is minimal. The analysis is based on the practice of "slow reading," examining the poem "UGRO" in terms of stylistics, motif systems, intertextual connections, composition, and semantic dynamics. To place the book in the context of other poems, a comparative analysis of the compositional and plot structure and the imagery of the central heroes is employed. The novelty of the research lies, first, in the fact that there have previously been no works dedicated to Grigoryev's poetry conducted in the traditional scholarly genre of "analysis of a single work," and second, in addressing the methodological problem faced by earlier researchers. The main conclusions of the research can be formulated as follows: the use of the concept of "lyrical hero" is quite justified, but only for a certain portion of Grigoryev's works. The main trait of such a hero, which aligns them with the implicit author, is the creative principle, which manifests in both the peculiarities of worldview and in the construction of speech. Identifying within the body of the author's adult poetry a number of poems with such a hero allows for a refinement of the understanding of the poet's artistic world: even within a reality filled with violence and absurdity of the "adult" world, there are rare instances where one can maintain a childlike, creative perspective—the main value of human existence.

Keywords: Oleg Grigoriev, UGRO, Leningrad underground, Uncensored literature, Late Soviet literature, Analysis of one work, Close reading, lyrical hero, lyrical plot, Uncensored poetry

Abstract: The subject of the study is the cross-modal correspondence between verbal and visual stimuli. Multisensory research is actively conducted in the world of psychology, physiology, linguistics, musicology, cultural studies, etc. Such studies are on the periphery of scientific interest in Russian science. Research material – cross-modal correspondences between verbal (quasi-words) and visual (image-photograph) stimuli were established through a series of psycholinguistic experiments (1,657 reactions). Respondents (232 people) were presented with visual stimuli of different nature (objects and mechanisms), which were real images; classical experimental pairs maluma-takete, bromley-brimley were presented to respondents in Cyrillic script; modeling of new quasi-words with specified sound-symbolic characteristics (buola-kikete) was based on numerous phono-semantic studies; the experiment conditions were complicated by the fact that in some cases quasi-words were presented not as a pair (like maluma/takete), but as a list, i.e. they were included in the four options offered (maluma/takete/buola/kikete). The statistical significance of the obtained results was checked using the criterion φ (Fisher angular transformation). On the Russian material, cross-modal correspondences were confirmed and established: (1) on the shape scale: back vowels /o/, /u/ and consonants /m/, /l/, /b/ are associated with round, smooth, and front vowels /i/, /e/ and consonants /zh/, trill /r/ and back consonant /k/ with sharp, angular; (2) on the size scale: front vowels /i/ are associated with small, back vowels /o/ - with large. The results obtained on the cross-modal correspondence of verbal and visual stimuli correlate with previously obtained data on other languages of various language families.

Keywords: sound symbolism, linguistic iconicity, cross-modal correspondences, sound-symbolic associations, size, shape, sensory modality, iconicity, motivation of a linguistic sign, synesthesia

Abstract: The article examines the works of N.S. Leskov related to the railway. The travelogue "From One Travel Diary," written based on publications from a journey along the Warsaw Railway, where the railway becomes a chronotope. And two stories from the cycle "Christmas Stories," where the railway serves as a locus of the works. Today, there is a renewed interest in the writer's creativity. Articles dedicated to him include: T.M. Uzdeeva's “The Concept of ‘Road’ in the Epic Novel by L.N. Tolstoy ‘War and Peace’ and N.S. Leskov's Story ‘The Enchanted Wanderer’” (2025), S.I. Zenkevich's “N.S. Leskov as a Reader (1876): Towards the Release of Volume 15 of the Complete Works of N.S. Leskov” (2024), N.Yu. Filimonova's “The Formation of N.S. Leskov's Journalism (Collaboration with the Newspaper ‘Russian Speech’)” (2024), E.R. Petrova's “Anthroponymicon of N.S. Leskov's Story ‘The Life of One Woman’” (2024) and others. Leskov also attracts the attention of foreign authors such as J.-C. Marcard, Anna Dwyer, and Stefan L. Bayer. However, researchers pay little attention to railway plots in Leskov's works, especially domestic literary critics. Although N.A. Nepomniachtchikh noted that if the perception of the railway as a "road to the other world" is characteristic of Russian literature of that period, only Leskov brought positive connotations to it. The article employs biographical and structural-semantic methods of scientific research, as well as text analysis of the author. Leskov skillfully uses the new opportunities of the chronotope and locus of the railway in his artistic works. Therefore, examining the semantics of the railway in them represents a new study of aspects of his creativity and narrative style. In the travelogue "From One Travel Diary," based on journalistic essays during a trip along the St. Petersburg-Warsaw line, the railway plays the role of a chronotope. In the two works from the cycle "Christmas Stories": "Traveling with a Nihilist" and "Selected Grain," the locus of the railway is utilized. The author's attitude towards this means of transportation is neutral, unlike many of his contemporary writers. Leskov effectively employs the railway, providing additional resources of artistic expressiveness necessary for unveiling the meaning of his works.

Keywords: N.S. Leskov, locus, travelogue, semantics of the railway, chronotope, From a travel diary, Selected grain, Traveling with a Nihilist, the locus of the carriage, chronotope of the railway journey

Abstract: This article is devoted to a qualitative and quantitative analysis of three syntactic phenomena found in the spontaneous written speech of native speakers of Dutch: the ellipsis of the main sentence constituents, the positioning of non-prepositional elements after the right verbal bracket, and the functioning of pragmatic particles in the right periphery of the sentence. The study is based on the SoNaR written corpus of Dutch and covers texts from SMS messages, chats, and microblogging posts contained in the relevant subcorpora. The texts in the SoNaR corpus are annotated for the authors' age, which makes it possible to obtain frequency data for the phenomena under consideration across different age groups. The article pays particular attention to the relationship between the grammatical norm of Dutch, as presented in the authoritative "Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst" ("General Dutch Grammar", 2019 edition), and actual language use as reflected in the corpus data. The syntactic features of the functioning of the selected units are identified. For each phenomenon, its predominant sphere of use is determined. The study also tests for the presence of a statistically significant association between age and the use of specific forms in which the phenomena are realized. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its description of syntactic phenomena in modern Dutch that have received little to no attention in the scholarly literature. The role of age as a factor in the use of specific forms of the phenomena under study is established. The empirical basis of the research consists of contemporary new-media texts which have so far received little scholarly attention. The results show that all three phenomena occupy a peripheral position relative to the core of the grammatical norm and are primarily characteristic of spoken discourse. The hypothesis that the tendency to use elements typical of colloquial spoken language manifests itself most strongly in the spontaneous written speech of younger speakers receives partial confirmation. The data obtained make it possible to conclude that age is a significant factor with respect to the elliptical realization of the 'aan het + infinitive' construction and the functioning of the pragmatic particle 'dan' in the right periphery of the sentence. These results provide a foundation for further research into syntactic variation in Dutch and for testing the proposed hypothesis both on other forms of variation within the areas outlined here and on as yet unexplored material reflecting new tendencies in the syntactic system of Dutch.

Keywords: spontaneous written speech, ellipsis, verbal frame construction, pragmatic particles, written corpus, statistical analysis, grammatical norm, age factor, Dutch syntax, syntactic variation

Abstract: The relevance of the conducted research is determined by contemporary trends in the development of linguistic phenomena following geopolitical events in news rhetoric and the conduct of "hybrid" wars by leaders of countries, including through digital media. The discourse of modern digital media in China is part of the global media discourse, and studying its linguoaxiology is important both for the science of language as a whole and for addressing applied tasks of political forecasting. The problem lies in identifying the axiological load of lexical-grammatical and syntactic units when covering sensitive and "hot" international agendas using the case of "Middle East 2026." For the first time, the research subject is the linguistic means and linguoaxiological transformations in the news rhetoric of Chinese digital media concerning the case of "Middle East 2026." The study focuses on analyzing linguistic means and linguoaxiological transformations, followed by the identification of dominant narratives, value orientations, and implicit meanings. The methodological framework includes discourse analysis of materials from leading Chinese official news portals and social media in 2026, linguistic and discourse analysis, which allowed for an examination of Chinese and English media to define linguoaxiological transformations and discursive practices; pragmatic analysis (appeals to authority, threats, rhetorical techniques). The scientific novelty lies in proposing, for the first time, a scientifically grounded set of methodological achievements obtained from a systematic study of a poorly explored area – linguoaxiology based on texts (text fragments) from the Chinese political media segment, isolating linguoaxiological transformations according to the case of "Middle East 2026." The linguoaxiological analysis and interpretation tracked the linguoaxiological dimension of discourse based on representative texts from the news segment of Chinese political media discourse (with translations into Russian); the case study predetermined the substantive selection of media materials, etc. The study's findings identify linguistic means in creating an axiologically tinted news picture and managing public perception of international politics. The main results show that Chinese media actively use euphemisms, metaphors, and lexicon with pronounced evaluative connotation to construct a desired image of events and actors, predominantly forming a pragmatically oriented media discourse aimed at protecting national interests and maintaining stability in the Middle East.

Keywords: linguaxiological transformations, linguistic means, media, discourse analysis, Chinese political media discourse, case study, discursive-axiological approach, linguaxiological analysis, Chinese language, English language

Abstract: Multimodal analysis of political communication represents a significant domain of study within contemporary linguistics. The article investigates correlation between terminal tones and kinesic means in British and German parliamentary discourse. The study focuses on terminal tones and accompanying accentuating movements in speeches delivered by members of the UK House of Commons and the German Bundestag. The research material comprises video recordings of parliamentary speeches subjected to electroacoustic, perceptual (auditory and visual), and comparative types of analysis. The experiment established acoustic parameters of politicians’ speech, determined frequency of different types of terminal tones, and identified tone-kinesic patterns characteristic of British and German parliamentary discourse. The acoustic data were statistically processed in order to determine average values of fundamental frequency, intensity, and average syllable duration for each group of speakers. The analysis was conducted with consideration of the gender factor. The findings demonstrate differences in the degree and methods of accentuation in British and German parliamentary speech. It was established that fundamental frequency values in parliamentary discourse (for all groups except British female politicians) exceed the average levels reported for neutral speech in specialized literature. The data indicate higher fundamental frequency values in German political speech, whereas members of the House of Commons demonstrate a slower speech tempo. Differences were also observed in the distribution of terminal tones. Terminal tones in both parliaments are accompanied by kinesic means; however, British parliamentary speech is characterized by more active use of hand gestures and head movements, while German discourse more frequently involves body movements. The results reveal culturally and institutionally conditioned features of tone-kinesic interaction in parliamentary communication.

Keywords: political discourse, multimodal linguistics, intonation, prosody, terminal tones, kinesics, nonverbal means of communication, accentuating gestures, parliamentary speech, tone-kinesic patterns

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the target audience of game journalism. The author's goal is to clarify the understanding of the image of the recipient in this segment of media criticism. In the introductory part of the work, the author raises issues regarding the phenomenal characteristics of video games, the relationship between media criticism and game journalism, and game journalism and video game criticism. The main content of the article is the contextualization of facts from the history of game journalism and statistical data from surveys aimed at studying the target audience of video games in Russia. The criteria for classifying the recipients of game journalism are derived from demographic, sociocultural, and leisure-related parameters. Three main types of recipients of game journalism are identified. The key result of the research is the portrayal of the recipient of game journalism (the subculture of gamers), which serves as a basis for determining the audience's requirements for video game review texts. To obtain research results, the author conducts a literature review on the topics of video games and game journalism. The work also includes secondary data analysis and historiographic analysis. As a result of the study, three main types of recipients of game journalism are identified: hyper-casual gamers, who are not interested in understanding gaming culture, indifferent to industry news; casual gamers, who are interested in news related to video games but only in the context of new project announcements, not interested in a deep understanding of computers, game design, and the gaming industry, typically using home consoles for gaming; hardcore gamers, who are interested in video game culture in all its forms, knowledgeable about computer technologies, having a relatively clear understanding of the basics of game design, and predominantly playing on multiple gaming platforms, with one of them typically being a personal computer. The key outcome of the research is the creation of a portrait of the recipient of game journalism (gamers). This portrait serves as the basis for determining the audience's requirements for video game review texts.

Keywords: games journalism, media critique, subculture, gamers, videogames, review, hardcore gamers, casual gamers, hypercasual gamers, target audience