Abstract: The subject of this article is one of the most mysterious works of Russian literature from the Paris emigration period – "The Novel with Cocaine," while the subject is the problem of the attribution of this work. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that none of the versions of the authorship of the novel is indisputable today, which necessitates further research in this direction. The aim of the article is to formulate and justify the hypothesis of the possible involvement of Vasily Yanovsky – a representative of the so-called "unnoticed generation" of the Paris emigration – in the creation of "The Novel with Cocaine." To achieve this goal, the article examines the main versions of the authorship of "The Novel with Cocaine," which are analyzed and compared with each other. The literary and historical context during which this work was created is taken into account. The article employs descriptive, comparative, and analytical methods, which provide the opportunity to view the subject of research from various angles as well as in their entirety. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that such an approach to solving the problem of attribution of "The Novel with Cocaine" is undertaken for the first time. The proposed authorship of V. Yanovsky is established through an analytical search for the reasons for the mystification and is substantiated through a textual analysis of "The Novel with Cocaine" as well as a number of works by V. Yanovsky. It has been established that there is a certain structural, plot, ideological-thematic, and lexical-syntactic unity between them and "The Novel with Cocaine." One of the main reasons for the creation of this mystification may be the creative conflict between V. Yanovsky and V. Nabokov, which is generally conditioned by the relationships between the writers of the "unnoticed generation" and the "higher echelon" emigrant writers. The results of the research provide an opportunity for further investigation of the stated problem and also contribute to the study of the phenomenon of mystification in Russian classical literature.

Keywords: attribution, mystification, structure, plot, textology, hypothesis, novel, speech studies, syntax, stylistics

Abstract: This study examines the functioning of the Spanish indefinite article (un, una, unos, unas) within phraseological units as a grammatical device of determination that provides referential characterization of nouns and events. The research focuses on how the choice of article form relates to the parameters of individualization (reference to a concrete instance), particularization (one of many), typification (establishing a model for comparison), and the representation of processual meaning as a single event in verb-noun constructions. Special attention is given to idiomatic patterns where the article marks minimal quantity (ni un…) or distribution of a set (unos… otros…), with comparisons to cases where the forms function as a numeral or an indefinite pronoun. The methodology combines a functional-stylistic approach in line with Guillaume’s psychomechanics, corpus analysis (CORDE/CREA), distributional-contextual study of fixed models, diagnostic tests of form status and lexicographic verification. The novelty of the study lies in interpreting the indefinite article as a means of referential characterization in phraseological models. It is shown that the forms un, una, unos, unas define the parameters of individualization, particularization, typification, the presentation of events as single, and the indication of minimal quantity and distribution. A working classification is proposed (predicative-evaluative, comparative, verb-noun, and negative-distributive constructions), together with a set of diagnostic tests for determining form status. The findings clarify the conditions under which these forms function as an article, a numeral, or an indefinite pronoun, refining the traditional view of complete grammaticalization in phraseology. Results demonstrate that the article systematically regulates the degree of generality versus specificity and the intensity of evaluative meaning, with contrasts shifting the interpretation from general to individualized and from neutral to emphatically evaluative. The conclusions have practical value for lexicographic description of idioms and translation, ensuring accurate equivalence and preservation of stylistic effect.

Keywords: indefinite article, Spanish phraseology, determination, referential characterization, individualization, particularization, typification, verb–noun constructions, predicative–evaluative constructions, negative–distributive constructions

Abstract: Nicknames-formulas represent a little-studied layer of Buryat folklore and function as stable verbal formulas that establish the characteristics of particular ethnic groups based on various traits. This study focuses on genealogical nicknames-formulas—expressions closely linked to legends about the origin of Buryat tribes and clans. Their content reflects key motifs of the narrative genealogical tradition, such as miraculous births, foreign origins, and migration. The structure of genealogical proverbs is characterized by strict grammatical organization, based on repetitive syntactic patterns, as well as active use of phonetic techniques (alliteration and assonance), which give them formulaic stability and facilitate the oral reproduction of traditions. The research aims to identify the structural and semantic features of the examined formulas, determine their functions as carriers of collective memory and means of fixing ethnic identity, and analyze the specifics of their existence in narrative, ritual, and genealogical contexts. The methodological basis of the study relies on an interdisciplinary approach that combines principles of folklore studies, linguistic analysis, and memory research. Comparative-typological and structural-semiotic methods are employed to identify stable grammatical patterns and functional characteristics of the formulas. This comprehensive approach allows for their interpretation as mnemonic formulas of collective memory that ensure the preservation and transmission of ethnocultural information. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the complex description of Buryat genealogical proverbs within the context of memory studies. It is demonstrated that these formulas are not only an element of artistic folklore but also a significant mechanism for preserving and transmitting ethnic identity. It has been established that they possess a grammatical structure based on repetitive patterns, demonstrate intertextual connections with origin legends, and perform a distinct mnemonic function. The results obtained allow genealogical formulas to be regarded as a key component of oral tradition, linking genealogical plots with the narrative practices of ethnic groups. The findings of the study can be applied in future research in folklore studies, ethnology, cultural anthropology, as well as in projects aimed at preserving intangible cultural heritage.

Keywords: Buryat folklore, genealogical formulas, nickname formulas, oral tradition, ethnic identity, collective memory, memory studies, mnemonic formulas, narrative practices, structural-semiotic analysis

Abstract: Thе article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of news internet memes as an innovative form of media communication in the context of the digital transformation of the modern information space. The subject of the study is the linguistic, semiotic, and pragmatic aspects of language compression in Internet news memes, which are considered a hybrid form of media text that combines the informational function of traditional journalism with the playful mechanisms of Internet culture. The aim of the work is to describe the specifics of linguistic compression in news internet memes as a form of compressed media text and to identify the patterns of their functioning in the digital media space. Language compression in news memes enables the creation of semantically rich texts of minimal length that meet the requirements of modern digital communication, while decoding the compressed meaning requires background knowledge and cultural competence from recipients. The study uses methods of structural-semantic analysis, content analysis, and pragmatic analysis. The material consists of 100 news internet memes posted on the English-language social network Reddit and devoted to current socio-political events. The study identified the main types of news memes (graphic, video, and text memes) and determined the key means of linguistic compression operating at the morphological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels: abbreviations and acronyms of the Internet environment, compressed lexical units, intentional spelling errors, elliptical constructions, linguistic play with phraseological units, allusions to precedent phenomena. Language compression leads to a partial implication of the meaning of memes, the understanding of which requires background knowledge and reference to precedent phenomena in the linguistic and cultural community. The results of the study can be applied in the fields of media linguistics, mass communication theory, the study of Internet discourse, and digital journalism. The study shows that linguistic compression in news memes allows for the creation of semantically rich texts of minimal length that meet the requirements of modern digital communication, while decoding the compressed meaning requires background knowledge and cultural competence from the recipients.

Keywords: mediatext, mediadiscourse, news meme, meme, linguistic compression, semantic compression, precedent phenomena, language play, digital communication, media linguistics

Abstract: The object of this study is phytonyms in British linguoculture. Phytonyms in this work mean all names of plants and their parts. When classifying phytonyms, the authors rely on a naive picture of the world and divide phytonyms into dendronyms (names of trees and bushes), floronyms (names of flowers) and herbonyms (names of herbs). The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the functioning of phytonyms. Since phytonyms cover a significant layer of vocabulary, the authors consider phytonyms in detail in a number of semantic areas – in anthroponyms and toponyms, heraldry, names of holidays, idioms. The purpose of this study is to consider the problem of using phytonymic vocabulary and the peculiarities of the existence of forms of its representation in the above-mentioned spheres of folk culture of the English-speaking community of Britain from the standpoint of everyday linguistics.  The work uses a comprehensive methodology based on the methods of history, cultural studies and linguistics, including a systematic approach, a semiotic approach and an anthropological approach. The novelty of the research is determined, first of all, by the consideration of phytonyms in a number of areas of British linguistic culture from the standpoint of everyday linguistics. It complements the linguistic picture of the world, the modeling of which is gaining popularity in modern language science. In linguistics of recent decades, there has been an obvious trend towards shifting the emphasis to everyday life and everyday human consciousness. Phytonyms have previously been widely studied, but within the framework of other linguistic paradigms. As a result of the study, the functional features of phytonyms in anthroponyms and toponyms, heraldry, holiday names, idioms were considered, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The main function of phytonyms is nominative, which is complemented and clarified by characterizing, symbolic, evaluative, cognitive and expressive. In anthroponyms and toponyms, phytonyms have a characterizing function; in heraldry, phytonyms, in addition to nominative, perform a symbolic function. In idioms and proverbs, phytonyms implement characterizing, evaluative functions, as well as cognitive ones related to the accumulation, preservation and transmission of information.

Keywords: anthroponym, British linguoculture, heraldry, dendronym, Linguistics of everyday life, linguocultural studies, onomastics, toponym, phytonym, floronym

Abstract: The present article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the position of American-English language in the global international context, with a focus on the linguistic imperialism policy of the United States. The work examines historical and contemporary aspects of the spread of American-English as a global means of communication, as well as its influence on other languages and cultures. Special attention is given to the strategies employed by the U.S. to promote its linguistic and cultural influence, including educational policy, media, and international relations. The research draws on methods of sociolinguistics and a theoretical-methodological foundation, represented not only by the classical works of R. Phillipson and M.A. Marusenko, but also by numerous scientific developments carried out by Russian researchers within the framework of the Petersburg school of studying the linguistic dimension of world politics (V.S. Yagya, N.V. Kovalevskaya, Y.N. Shevchenko), which allows for a comparatively in-depth analysis of the processes related to the spread of American-English globally. The article also considers the consequences of this process for linguistic diversity and the cultural sovereignty of other countries. It explores issues of resistance and adaptation to linguistic imperialism and proposes approaches to preserving linguistic and cultural pluralism in the context of global interaction. The authors conclude that the consistent implementation of multiculturalism policies can not only distract energy from addressing the most pressing social problems related to racism and class inequality but also hinders ethnolinguistic minorities from realizing the real root causes of their plight. The work emphasizes the importance of reflecting on the policy of linguistic imperialism in the context of contemporary political-linguistic relations between nations in the struggle for power and peace.

Keywords: American English, linguistic imperalism, Robert Phillipson, cultural and linguistic globalization, hegemony of the English language, multiculturalism, macrolinguopolitical science, political sociology of language, glottopolitics, geopolitics of language

Abstract: The subject of the study is the evolution of the system of proper names (anthroponyms and toponyms) in Brazil, starting from the colonial period to the present day. Special attention is paid to the formation of the country's onomasticon under the influence of the complex interplay of factors: Portuguese colonization, interaction with indigenous peoples, waves of migration from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the process of globalization in the contemporary stage. The distinct nature of the Brazilian onomastic tradition is emphasized, reflecting the polyethnic character of the country. The study illustrates how the system of proper names reveals various levels of the historical and cultural heritage of the country. Thus, the subject of the research goes beyond traditional linguistics and encompasses cultural and sociolinguistic aspects, which gives it an interdisciplinary nature and provides understanding of the mechanisms of formation of the system of proper names in Brazil. Research methods include historical-descriptive, comparative-contrasting, and etymological analysis, as well as the analysis of open social media data, which has expanded the empirical basis of the research. As a result, key stages in the formation of Brazilian onomastics have been highlighted: from the first recorded Portuguese toponyms and anthroponyms in the colonial era to contemporary trends related to globalization, migration, and digital technologies. Examples of the influence of migration processes on the anthroponymy of specific regions of the country have also been systematized. Special attention has been given to the influence of indigenous, European, and other ethnocultural components on the formation of the country’s onomastic fund. The conclusions of the study indicate that the onomastic system of Brazil has been shaped by multi-layered historical and cultural processes, and contemporary Brazilian onomastics demonstrates an expansion of themes and methods of analysis, including the use of digital resources. The obtained results can be applied in linguistics, ethnography, and cultural studies in the examination of the processes of formation and functioning of proper names.

Keywords: onomastics, Brazil, colonization, toponymy, anthroponymy, migration, proper name, Portuguese language, Indigenous peoples, Brazilians

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a tool that can provide a multitude of opportunities for those who can use it effectively. However, as always with global changes in society, there is a downside—the technology is learned not only for good but also for implementing personal plans and ideas that can cause serious harm to both individuals and society as a whole. Deepfake, as a product created by AI, is currently one of the most serious information threats, as it can deceive not only an inexperienced user but also a professional in the IT field. Every day, the media landscape sees more and more high-profile examples of deepfakes that are impossible to distinguish from real audio or video recordings. The aim of this article is to present the characteristic features of deepfake as a digital product, to provide a typology of such publications based on their creation methods and objectives, as well as to describe possible markers for recognizing fakes in the online environment. The research methodology is based on a systematic-structural analysis of the media space, allowing for the typologization of deepfakes, as well as on content analysis, which made it possible to identify the goals and characteristic features of various deepfakes. The study also applies descriptive and generalization methods. The empirical basis consisted of generated content in photo, audio, and video formats that caused a public resonance and were publicly debunked either by the creators themselves, by media outlets, or by vigilant users. The chronological scope of the research is 2020–2025. A total of 69 deepfakes were analyzed. The material was collected through a comprehensive sampling method and included publications mentioned in the media (on TV channels such as “Channel One,” NTV, and “Russia 1,” the platform “Smotrim,” online publications such as “Lenta.ru” and “Gazeta.ru,” and websites of news agencies “RIA Novosti” and TASS). This approach allowed for the formation of an understanding of the themes, goals, and methods of reproducing deepfakes, as well as for identifying the most effective ways to recognize them. These markers are relevant and effective at the current stage, as they allow for the most prompt and effective distinction of generation, which is especially important in the context of the constant improvement of neural network functioning mechanisms.

Keywords: deepfake, informational threat, media, journalism, fake, artificial intelligence, media space, neural network, technology, video

Abstract: The subject of the research in this article is the system of images in the novel by the Spanish writer Juan Jose Milhas "You have a different name" (El desorden de tu nombre). The novel was written in 1987, in the first decade of the creative career of Juan Jose Milhas. The authors of the article base the analysis of the work of Juan Jose Milhas on the terminology of researcher S.D. Krzhizhanovsky on the theory of heroes-doppelgangers. He calls such characters individuums, repeating and complementing each other. The novel by Juan Jose Milhas depicts several pairs of doppelgangers. The relevance and novelty are due to the growing interest of our compatriots both in Spanish literature in general and the increased attention of literary critics to the innovation of Juan Jose Milhas in the field of studying society from a psychological point of view. The system of images is multifaceted, it includes not only the motif of duality, but also the organization of the space in which the novel takes place, the color palette and the special structure of the novel – metaroman. In the course of the work, historical, literary, sociological and formal methods are used. As a result of the analysis conducted in this article, the following conclusions can be drawn: the twin heroes in Juan Jose Milhas's novel "You have a different name" are considered as an important element in the system of images, they serve to reveal the psychology of the characters more deeply. At the same time, the formed love triangle destroys the personalities of the characters, depriving them of their individuality. The characters do not accidentally suffer from mental disorders, this is a way not to solve problems that arise in life; the home environment of apartments is also an actor who helps to reveal the characters of the characters more fully. The novel is based on ambiguity, uncertainty, a multiple view of reality, and a sense of remoteness from society. The use of the meta-novel genre, a complicated structure, allows the author to reveal the complexity of human relations.

Keywords: Juan José Millás, image system, Doppelganger, meta-novel, Spanish literatire, psychological portrait, psychologism, individuum, duality, location

Abstract: The subject of the article is two adjacent concepts in Rozenov studies: "handwriting" or "manuscriptness" and "draftness," which are used to denote the peculiarities of the most stylistically distinctive texts of V.V. Rozanov, such as "Solitaria," "Fallen Leaves," "Sakharna," "Fleeting," "The Last Leaves," and "The Apocalypse of Our Time," but to a greater extent the first two. "Handwriting," as stated by V.V. Rozanov himself and developed by A.D. Sinyavsky, was meant to denote not the direct fact of "writing by hand," but the inclination towards medial immediacy in representing the author's creative act, imitating the incompleteness of a rough draft. Hence, in the 1990s, S.R. Fedyakin derived "draftness" as a specification of "handwriting," developing a whole theory of drafts as a medium through which inner speech externalizes. Draftness genetically follows from handwriting but is practically unused outside Rozenov studies. Thus, these concepts are used to explore the specificity of this literary criticism direction. The article employs methodological analysis, which allows for an analysis of the literary-critical approach, including the theoretical object constructed within it. The key premises of the approach are analyzed, and the consistency of theoretical propositions is tested. Elements of the methodology of the history of concepts are also used to conceptualize the genetic following of draftness from handwriting. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive description of how the concepts of manuscriptness and draftness function in Russian literary criticism, including their definition, heuristic, and theoretical value. The theoretical prerequisites that necessitate these concepts are elucidated. A sequential comparison of the theoretical meanings of these concepts in Rozenov studies, on the one hand, and in diary studies, poetry studies, and related fields, on the other hand, is conducted. Almost all texts in which these concepts are used are analyzed. It is revealed that handwriting outside of Rozenov studies tends to be literalized, denoting handwritten text that is not a manuscript, while in Rozanov studies it becomes a metaphor and is incorporated into new metalanguages, such as post-structuralism and receptive aesthetics. Draftness, on the other hand, is used in Rozenov studies to denote the author's presence, the paradoxical immediacy of the author's self in the text, but assumes a necessary axiom of the artistic-aesthetic nature of the mentioned works. Outside of Rozenov studies, for example in diary studies, draftness becomes a metaphor.

Keywords: V.V. Rozanov, draftiness, draft, manuscriptness, genre, Rozanov studies, methodological analysis, methodology of literary studies, history of concepts, artistic quality

Abstract: The novel "U" by V.S. Ivanov represents the author's attempt to respond to the search for new possibilities and forms of proletarian life by the Soviet state and society. In this work, Ivanov outlines the contours of a utopian project emerging from the reality of the late 1920s and 1930s. However, the artistic logic of the text and the irrationally-oriented talent of the writer reveal the opposite side of this project, turning a potential technical utopia in the book into a probable dystopia. The object of study in this article is the dystopian motifs of V.S. Ivanov's novel "U," while the subject of research is the causal relationships of genre reversal and the specifics of the implementation of elements of the dystopian genre. The article focuses on the criteria that allow for the assertion of the existence of dystopian motifs in the novel "U": the abnormality of the value system associated with violence and deception; the doubtful, "thoughtful" hero, presented in the guise of a "simpleton"; the totality of unfreedom, projected by the hero, who embodies state power and state violence as enacted by its agents, and so on. Methods of genre, motif, and comparative analysis are employed. In the first case, the components of dystopia (values, hero, violence, unfreedom) are identified, in the second, leitmotif complexes (the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the egg) are explored, and in the last, two editions of the novel – "U" and "Crimson Sunset" – are examined in terms of their descriptions of the utopian project. The relevance of the study is determined by the literary scholarship's interest in examining phenomena of a complex genre nature. The novel "U" by V.S. Ivanov, containing elements of utopia, is analyzed in this article as a work with dystopian motifs. The novelty is defined by the insufficient study of "U" as a whole and the approach to it concerning the peculiarities of implementing the dystopian genre within it. Unlike other works that focus on the biographical, metaliterary, and psychological aspects of "U," the author explores the paradoxes of its genre nature and the meanings generated by it. While proposing a technical socialist utopia – a classless society, V.S. Ivanov simultaneously reveals through the power of his literary intuition the methods and consequences of its creation. The characters externally accept and internally reject the utopian project, relying on their affected yet comprehensible human nature, expressed through the phonosemantics of the sound "U".

Keywords: utopia, dystopia, phono-semantics, genre, leitmotif complex, genre reverse, affects, metamorphosis, self-revelation, intertext

Abstract: The subject of the study is the role of multimodal metaphor in managing society through digital-intelligent technologies, particularly using the example of the commercial "Urban Brain" in Hangzhou. The object of the study is the analysis of visual, auditory, and textual elements of advertising materials that interact to convey complex concepts of digital-intelligent management. The author examines in detail aspects of the topic, such as the definition of the place and role of multimodal metaphor in the context of digital management, as well as its impact on shaping public perceptions of technological systems. Special attention is given to analyzing how elements of color scheme, sound accompaniment, and graphic images jointly create the metaphor of "the city as an intelligent organism," simplifying the understanding of complex technological processes and fostering a positive attitude toward digital management. The theoretical foundation of the research is based on works related to multimodal metaphor, critical discourse analysis, and cognitive linguistics. The main conclusions of the author is that the multimodal metaphor not only simplifies the understanding of complex technological processes of digital-intelligent management but also actively shapes specific associations and emotional responses in the audience, contributing to the positive perception of technological systems as living organisms. A significant contribution of the author to the study of the topic is a deep analysis of the synergistic interaction of various modalities (visual, auditory, textual) in creating a unified metaphor of "the city as an intelligent organism," as well as revealing the mechanisms of its influence on public consciousness. The novelty of the research lies in the application of theoretical approaches from critical discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics to the analysis of advertising discourses in the field of digital management, which allows for a deeper understanding of the role of multimodal metaphor in shaping public perceptions of technologies.

Keywords: Multimodal metaphor, Digital-intelligent governance, City Brain, cognitive linguistics, critical discourse analysis, digital-intelligent technology, Hangzhou, China, advertisement, multimodal discourse

Abstract: The subject of the study in the article is the plot-compositional structure of the Yakut heroic epic. The object of the study is the olonkho "Süyülledjin Bootur" (1940) by S. N. Karataev from the Vilyui region. The poetics of the olonkho plot as a whole, particularly the plot structure and composition, have not yet been sufficiently analyzed. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a systematic study of the epic heritage of the storyteller S. N. Karataev and the identification of the artistic uniqueness of his olonkho, which represents a standard example of the Vilyui epic tradition. The aim of the work is to study and identify the features of the plot-compositional organization of the olonkho "Süyülledjin Bootur" in the context of Yakut epic heritage. The results of the study can be used in folklore studies when addressing the poetics of epic texts, as well as in the preparation of educational and methodological materials on Yakut folklore. The work employs methods of structural, structural-semantic, and comparative analysis. The main methodological development is the plot model of the epic proposed by I. V. Ershova. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the first systematic analysis of the poetics of the olonkho "Süyülledjin Bootur" by S. N. Karataev and the determination of the specifics of the plot-compositional organization of the Vilyui epic tradition in comparison with other regional versions of Yakut epic. As a result of the research, it was established that both texts of the olonkho by S. N. Karataev are independent epic narratives. It was determined that "Süyülledjin Bootur" represents a transitional form of epic – from archaic tales of ancestors to later epics about the protectors of the tribe. The text combines the motif of heroic matchmaking with the theme of struggle against demonic forces, and also preserves archaic elements: intra-family conflicts and the image of a female hero. It was revealed that the introduction in olonkho plays a key role, determining the further development of the plot and organizing the composition of the epic. The introductory part of the olonkho "Süyülledjin Bootur" shows significant similarity to the introduction of the legend "Hero Tong Saar" in composition and formulaic nature. The proposed plot model (heroic collision (motivation for departure); preparations for the heroic campaign; journey; obstacles along the way; heroic deed; consequences of the deed; return to the homeland), reflecting the semantics of ordering chaos in the cosmos, can be used for the analysis of other olonkho texts.

Keywords: Yakut heroic epic, olonkho, plot, composition, structure, plot model, poetics, beginning, spatiotemporal organization, Vilyuy epic tradition

Abstract: The subject of the study is the history of the examination of parts of speech in the Chinese language under European influence (up to the 1950s). The object of the research is the evolution of theories on the classification of Chinese parts of speech. The author examines in detail aspects such as how the system of Latin grammar influenced the studies of Chinese grammar through the work of Ma Jianzhong (1898), how in the first half of the 20th century, under the influence of English grammatical theories, Li Jinsi (1924) proposed the principle of "sentence as a basis," which shifted the focus of research on parts of speech to syntactic functions, and the key role of the Soviet-Chinese discussion of the 1950s. Special attention is paid to how the history of research on parts of speech in the Chinese language (an isolating language) has progressed from simple imitation to integration with the characteristics of the Chinese language. Historical-linguistic and descriptive analysis is applied using a chronological approach, comparative study of European and Chinese grammatical models, analysis of the works of key scholars, and materials from discussions in the 1950s. The main conclusions of the conducted study are: The study of parts of speech in the Chinese language has been heavily influenced by European linguistic paradigms from the very beginning. The history has evolved from straightforward imitation (Ma Jianzhong, 1898) to integration with the features of the Chinese language. Scientific discussions between Soviet and Chinese scholars in the 1950s deepened theories and ultimately formed comprehensive classification standards combining morphological, semantic, and syntactic criteria. The novelty of the study: This article systematically investigates the history of research on parts of speech in the Chinese language under European influence (up to the 1950s). These studies not only continuously deepened the understanding of the typological characteristics of the Chinese language but also provided a theory from a non-Indo-European perspective for general linguistics.

Keywords: part of speech, history, Chinese language, European influences, Latin system, Mr. Ma's grammar, English grammar, sentence as the foundation, Soviet-Chinese discussions, lexico-grammatical categories

Abstract: The object of this study is the lexeme “интересно” in contemporary Russian, which demonstrates a complex path of semantic and pragmatic evolution. The paper provides a detailed description of its movement from the short form of the adjective and the adverb with the meaning “amusing, curious” to an independent unit with its own communicative characteristics. Particular attention is given to the processes of desemantization, grammaticalization, and pragmaticization, which accompany the loss of the original referential content and the emergence of a subjective-modal nuance. Typical syntactic constructions (интересно знать; интересно, что…) are examined, where the weakening of propositional semantics and the formation of a modal frame become apparent. The expansion of usage domains is shown: from bookish styles to oral dialogic speech, electronic communication, and journalism. The transition of the lexeme into the category of parenthetical words and communicatives is noted, which makes it possible to qualify it as a discourse marker with a wide range of pragmatic functions. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of examples from the Russian National Corpus, combined with materials from literary and journalistic texts as well as samples of spontaneous oral speech, which ensures a comprehensive description of the functioning of the lexeme. The main findings of the study show that in contemporary usage, the lexeme “интересно” has become firmly established as an important discursive instrument serving the tasks of organizing communication. It is capable of performing such functions as establishing and maintaining contact, signaling feedback, expressing doubt or irony, mitigating communicative tension, and providing polite reactive responses. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive consideration of “интересно” as both a communicative and a discourse marker, with the identification of diagnostic features such as desemantization, discursive predetermination, expressivity, and untranslatability into indirect speech. In addition, the boundaries between predicative, modal–frame, and parenthetical uses are clarified, along with the specifics of its functioning in dialogues. The author demonstrates that the lexeme shows clear tendencies toward subjectification and metacommunicative re-interpretation, which makes it possible to characterize anew its place in the system of means of contemporary Russian discourse.

Keywords: grammaticalization, pragmaticization, discursive marker, communicative, desemanticization, subjectivization, feedback marker, spontaneous spoken speech, pragmatic marker, interesting

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the usage of the combination "undoubtedly...but" in texts of various functional styles and genres as a textual connector, comparing its functioning in the text and in the sentence. The aim of the work was to identify the specifics of this unit, its semantic characteristics, mechanisms of formation, and the nature of the expounded relationships between parts of the text. Attention is given to the mechanism of forming this textual connector, its semantics, and the relationships between the parts of the text, in the construction of which the connector participates. Furthermore, the phenomenon of grammaticalization is examined in the context of analyzing the etymology of the textual connector "undoubtedly...but," revealing features that suggest the need to revise approaches to the phenomenon of grammaticalization, related to the inclusion in the connector of not only significant parts of speech but also function words, as well as introductory-modal words. In analyzing these features of the textual connector "undoubtedly...but," the following research methods were applied: a traditional descriptive method, including techniques of observation, generalization, and systematization of linguistic phenomena, and techniques of contextual analysis. The methodological basis of the research consists of works devoted to grammaticalization and textual connectors, including the works of representatives of the Far Eastern syntactic school in the field of function words. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it provides a detailed analysis of the features of the functioning of the phrase "undoubtedly...but" as a textual connector in contemporary texts of different functional styles and genres for the first time. It has been established that the textual connector "undoubtedly...but" has a two-element morphological structure, formed on the basis of the word "undoubtedly" (which can function in different contexts as an adjective in the short form, an adverb, and an introductory-modal word) and the conjunction "but," which determines the functional possibilities of the connector. In the text, it is used for contrasting situations, in which the speaker's judgments are partially refuted, supplemented, or revealed from a different angle, while limiting the unambiguity of the positive or negative evaluation of these situations or phenomena. This is related to the implementation of a specific communicative strategy of the speaker. The results of this research should serve as a basis for further investigations in the field of textual connectors and the phenomenon of grammaticalization, and may also be presented as a dictionary entry for the "Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language."

Keywords: linguistics of the text, coherence of the text, grammaticalization, official word, text clip, clip phrase, a means of intertextual bond, undoubtedly but, syntactic construction, the semantics of the official word

Abstract: British national identity has been under constant study by scientists for a long period of time, but after Brexit, interest in this topic has increased significantly. The British nation, especially the part of it that was on the side of the Eurosceptics, after Brexit was aimed at strengthening the British identity and completely destroying any influence of globalization on the inner worldview of the British nation. But despite the expectation of the British, many scientists agree that the national British identity is still in crisis. Thus, the object of this research is the topoi of the English-language political discourse of online mass media (magazines, newspapers), and the purpose is to identify the current state of British national identity through the analysis of the topoi of the political discourse of modern Britain. Current works (most are under five years old) Russian and foreign scientists in the field of political discourse and national, including British, identity form the methodological basis of the research. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the state of national British identity is considered by analyzing the discursive topoi of current publications of British online publications. The analysis of the topoi of English-language political discourse is based on online media texts for the period from January to August 2025, which makes the study innovative and reflects the trends of modern linguistic science. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the British national identity is expressed by such topoi as the topoi of the monarchy, culture and history, numbers, finance, justice and law-abiding, tolerance, immigration, threats. The most frequent topoi of the discursive formation of the British national identity were the topoi of the monarchy, tolerance, immigration and threats, confirming the crisis of national British identity. The research perspective is to study intertextuality and interdiscursivity as a way of constructing the discursive expression of British national identity, as well as the pragmatic aspect of the discursive formation of national British identity.

Keywords: discourse, national identity, English language, British national identity, online-magazine, anglicism, political discourse, topos, Brexit, media

Abstract: This study is dedicated to exploring the linguoaxiological sphere of society and the individual in Russian sports discourse. The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of the structural components of the social linguoaxiological sphere (using sports discourse as an example) through the analysis of the parameters of individual linguoaxiological trajectories of Russian sports commentators. The subject of this study is the Russian discourse of sports commentary. The object of study is the social and personal aspect of the linguoaxiological sphere, a fragment of which is represented in the discourse of sports commentary in Russia. The relevance of this work is associated with the study of individual axiological trajectories and their linguistic realization in the form of evaluative statements, which provides important information about the state and dynamics of the axiological system of Russian society. Furthermore, it is important to refer to the discourse of sports commentary, within which personality and institutionality are integrated, and collective and personal values are transmitted. The linguoaxiological analysis of this phenomenon allows for the identification of the pragmatic orientation of evaluations and the specifics of value representation in mass communication. The main method of this article is an interdisciplinary combination of the method of linguoaxiological interpretation and discourse analysis. Methods of statistical data processing are also used. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first systematic description of the value component of Russian sports discourse as a fragment of a holistic linguoaxiological sphere. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the structural and content-related features of the linguoaxiological sphere of the individual and society in the Russian sports discourse have been revealed. A fragment of the current linguoaxiological sphere of Russian society has been defined. Core, pre-core, and peripheral zones have been highlighted. The core zone of the fragment actualizes the values of national identity and achievement of success. Sports discourse in Russia performs a representative-ideological function—sports is viewed as a tool for demonstrating the strength, unity, and status of the country. The pre-core zone highlights the relevance of the moral-ethical and historical context in Russian linguaculture. There is a need to perceive communication in the sphere of sports (and in other areas) not only as competition, but also as a space of moral norms and cultural memory, in which the connection to the past is important. The periphery represents the secondary nature of the entertainment-media aspect.

Keywords: values, linguo-axiology, axiosphere, societal linguo-axiosphere, individual linguo-axiosphere, value dominant, axiological trajectory, evaluative vector, evaluative utterance, sports discourse

Abstract: The subject of the study is the means and images through which the fantastic space is created in P. Fehervari's novel "The Fire Caste." This text is part of the artistic universe of "Warhammer 40,000", making its study more relevant and adding novelty to it. The aim of the research is to analyze the means and images used to create the space in P. Fehervari's novel "The Fire Caste." The fantastic space created in the novel combines both archetypal images and unique ones presented only on the pages of this work. For instance, the image of a distant planet engulfed in war, while typical for the Warhammer universe, is infused with unique features in the text, such as a complex structure, disrupted connection with time, themes of guilt and redemption, etc. The main research methods are comparative and hermeneutic approaches. The methodological basis includes the works of Yu. M. Lotman, M. M. Bakhtin, V. N. Toporov, and other researchers. The study shows that the planet Fedra combines features of many mythological images: a dangerous and unknowable space of forests; a river-labyrinth embodying the image of the river of the dead; Fedra is simultaneously hell and purgatory for various heroes. The key characteristics of the space can be described as illogicality, danger, and unknowability. These motifs are intensified by the disruption of the connection between space and time: a long journey through the tangled jungles actually takes less than a year, and one of the characters finds himself belonging to multiple temporal planes at once. Moreover, the space of the planet "turns inside out" many mythological motifs. Thus, the cultural hero, who undergoes trials and returns to humanity, brings not blessings and knowledge but blind faith and suffering. Consequently, the space in the novel combines features and characteristics of various fantastic and mythological spaces, while also creating new unique traits. This allows for a fresh perspective on familiar motifs and images in terms of their value content.

Keywords: time, space, fiction, myth, artistic universe, novel, motive, cultural hero, plot, rethinking