Abstract: The subject of the study is the specificity of the use of means of speech contact (MSC) in artistic literature, primarily in the direct speech of characters. The object of the study is the problem of their translation from German to Russian. The aim of the research is to identify the most important patterns that emerge in the transmission of means of speech contact in artistic translation from German to Russian. Special attention is paid to the fact that means of speech contact are an integral component of communication, which is reflected in the speech of characters in works of art from different eras. The authors consider aspects of the topic such as the translator's ability to take into account the historical atmosphere, the character and emotional state of the heroes, their social affiliation, and other characteristics. The theoretical basis of the research comprises works in the field of communication theory and translation theory. In addressing the research tasks, the following methods were employed: linguistic description to identify the features of the functioning of various groups of means of speech contact in the artistic text, comparative analysis to highlight the ways of conveying MSC through the means of the target language, and contextual analysis to account for the influence of context on the translation decision, including the type of communication among characters and other components. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it systematically categorizes means of speech contact based on works set in the 19th century, as well as contemporary German prose, and additionally examines these means from the perspective of translation. As a result, it has been established that the most significant groups of the studied units consist of addresses, etiquette formulas, and introductory-contact components, with a noticeable increase in the importance of imperative constructions in contemporary prose. In the translation of means of speech contact used in formal communication situations, lexical equivalents are more actively employed, whereas for conveying informal addresses and imperative constructions, a tendency towards selecting variant equivalents is observed, requiring consideration of factors such as the described era, the relationships between the characters of the work, their emotional state, and the existence of equivalent matches in the target language. The practical significance of the research consists in the possibility of using its materials and conclusions in the courses "Translation Theory" and "Artistic Translation" for students of philological specialties.

Keywords: means of speech contact, etiquette formulae, introductory-contact components, lexical equivalents, correspondences, variant correspondences, phatic components, linguocultural adaptation, characters' speeches, translation

Abstract: This article explores the application of L.S. Barkhudarov's theory of equivalence in the translation of news materials about regional images. The main focus is on the selection of translation units and translation techniques to achieve maximum equivalence based on an analysis of relevant news texts. The object of the study is the translation aspects of news about Xinjiang, while the subject is texts from the Russian press, specifically materials on regional images in leading Russian media. The author analyzes in detail the choice of translation units at various levels (phonemic, morphemic, lexical, syntactic, and textual) and the application of corresponding translation strategies and methods. Special emphasis is placed on the necessity of a flexible approach to the selection of translation units in order to achieve equivalence at all linguistic levels, taking into account cultural features and context. This article conducts an analysis and generalization of the role of equivalence in the translation of news that shapes regional images, considering six linguistic levels based on this theory. Furthermore, it examines the main translation methods employed, including transcription, substitution, omission, addition, rearrangement, and adaptation, as well as their impact on the accuracy of information transfer. The main conclusion of the study is that Barkhudarov's theory of equivalence has significant theoretical value and practical applicability in translating news texts about regional images, providing a multi-dimensional referential framework for such translations. In translation practice, it is necessary to choose the level of translation justifiably and flexibly according to the text's features and dissemination goals, which allows for effective resolution of conflicts of linguistic forms at the micro level and ensures logical coherence of the text at the macro level. The novelty of the study lies in the choice of a text about regional images from news about Xinjiang as the subject of research, covering a wide range of fields, as well as the innovative comprehensive analysis of its translation within the framework of L.S. Barkhudarov's theory of equivalence, considering modern linguistic approaches.

Keywords: news translation, regional image, theory of equivalence, Barhudarov, level equivalence, Russian leading media, Xinjiang, unit of translation, level of translation, news dissemination

Abstract: This article explores the urban naming landscape in the multilingual and multicultural context of the Mexican state of Tabasco. The object of analysis is urbanonyms—names of streets, squares, establishments, institutions, and other elements of urban infrastructure. The study aims to identify the linguistic and semantic characteristics of urban naming practices and to determine the degree of symbolic presence of indigenous languages, particularly Chontal, in the visual structure of the public space. The empirical data comprise 155 urbanonyms collected by the author during a field research internship in the cities of Villahermosa, Comalcalco, and Tenosique. The methodological framework is based on sociolinguistics and linguistic landscape theory, including the concepts of linguistic visibility, symbolic dominance, ethnocultural identity, and institutional exclusion. The methods employed include content analysis, thematic classification, and functional typology. The findings reveal the overwhelming dominance of the Spanish language across both official and commercial urban naming. Foreign borrowings (mostly English) serve as markers of globalized cultural capital. Indigenous languages are extremely limited in representation—mostly appearing in the names of culinary establishments—and perform a decorative or stylized function, without being incorporated into the institutional naming system. This reflects the symbolic marginalization of indigenous cultures and their exclusion from urban semiotics. A comparative reference to the region of Quintana Roo, where indigenous languages (especially Yucatec Maya) are prominently featured in toponymy, demonstrates the feasibility of alternative language policies rooted in cultural inclusion. The study concludes that the current naming practices in multilingual regions of Mexico require critical rethinking to foster ethnocultural equality and symbolic justice.

Keywords: linguistic landscape, urbanonymy, Chontal language, indigenous languages, sociolinguistics, Mexican toponymy, public space, ethnocultural identity, naming policy, multilingualism

Abstract: The aim of the study is to identify the features of emotive contrast in the artistic description of two lakes in A. Matveeva's story "On the Lake" and its significance in creating emotional richness, narrative dynamics, and aesthetic expressiveness of the work. The article examines the role of emotive contrast in conveying the emotional states of the characters and its impact on the reader's perception. The analysis reveals the specifics of narrative dynamics, determined by the changing emotional nuances of the narrative, and also identifies artistic construction methods that enhance the aesthetic expressiveness of the story. The material for the study includes A. Matveeva's story "On the Lake" (Matveeva, 2012), as well as a number of works dedicated to the life and creativity of this author (Lipnevich, 2002; Rakhayeva, 2013; Remizova, 2003; Sekretov, 2013; Seregina, 2016; Slavnikova, 2002), which, in particular, present interviews, memories, and various critical assessments that reveal aspects of her literary style, themes of her works, and artistic techniques. The analysis employed methods such as content analysis, descriptive-analytical method, classification method, and contextual analysis, considering the context of their usage in analyzing comparative structural semantic and functional characteristics, as well as inductive and comparative methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it reveals aspects of emotive contrast at the level of textual meaning and structural construction of A. Matveeva's story "On the Lake" for the first time; particular attention is given to how the contrasting images of the lakes in the artistic work serve as active participants in conveying the inner world of the characters. As a result of the study, it has been established that in the artistic description of the lakes in A. Matveeva's story "On the Lake," emotive contrast plays an important role in ensuring the formation of emotional richness of the work. It allows, on one hand, to draw attention to the internal experiences of the characters and, on the other, to recreate a dynamic and multifaceted picture of the world that reflects their inner state.

Keywords: emotional contrast, linguistic means, function of opposition, evaluative epithets, dynamics of narration, aesthetic expressiveness, artistic perception, emotional richness of the text, author's style, artistic text

Abstract: The subject of the research is the women's correspondence in Italy from the late 15th to the 16th centuries (Isotta Nogarola, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Laura Battiferri, and Veronica Gambara), revealing the transformation of women's social roles during this historical period. Personal letters are studied, demonstrating the inner experiences and struggles of women for the right to be recognized in the cultural sphere. Historical-philological analysis and comparative methods are employed. The work shows how through correspondence women began to acquire a public voice and personal authority, overcoming societal limitations and their own timidity. The novelty of the research lies in identifying specific examples that illustrate the step-by-step advancement of women in the fields of science and literature, their influence on the cultural environment, and the strengthening of women's presence in culture and society. The research method is based on historical-philological analysis of women's correspondence from the 16th century. A comparative approach is used to identify changes in women's social roles. The novelty of the research consists of examining rare documents unfamiliar to domestic researchers. The translations are done by the author of the article. Based on the correspondence, it is shown how women gradually gained confidence in their own abilities and literary skills, as well as significance in the eyes of the public, expanding traditional notions of women's possibilities and rights, removing limitations that had restricted women for centuries. The conclusions demonstrate that correspondence allows us to see not only changes in women's positions but also the mechanisms for overcoming gender stereotypes, the emergence of women's self-awareness, and the strengthening of women's positions in the cultural and social life of the Renaissance. At the same time, despite the changed external circumstances and the generally favorable attitude towards women's literature in the 16th century, it is not possible to completely overcome the limitations.

Keywords: Female correspondence, Sixteenth century, Italy, Isotta Nogarola, Renaissance, Laura Battiferra, Status of women, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Transformation of women's role, Veronica Gambara

Abstract: The subject of the study is the language and rhetoric used in political discourse, as well as their connection to gender stereotypes. In this article, the author focuses on aspects such as gender roles, gender norms, and their expression in political discourse, as well as the inclusive speech practices of leading politicians in different countries. The object of the study is gender stereotypes manifested in political language and their influence on the formation of public opinion and social norms. Gender stereotypes are shaped through cultural, social, and historical contexts and find expression in the communication techniques used by both politicians and journalists during public debates, elections, and political analysis. Furthermore, the article examines how specific words and phrases conveyed in political discourse shape public opinion about gender roles. One of the main methods used is discourse analysis. This approach allows for the exploration of how language is used in various political contexts to shape and sustain gender stereotypes. The content analysis method serves for the systematic study of textual content and its quantitative assessment. The comparative analysis method shows how different sources or groups use language. The study of the verbalization of gender stereotypes in political discourse is relevant as it requires the use of diverse methods that ensure a comprehensive analysis of language, context, and structures of influence. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive approach to texts of various categories, including political debates, electoral programs, interviews, and media, aimed at identifying patterns of linguistic address to men and women in politics. The study of the verbalization of gender stereotypes in political discourse allows us to understand how language not only reflects reality but also actively creates and reinforces gender roles, influencing how society perceives politicians and politics as a whole. A critical approach to analyzing these phenomena can help uncover the inequalities existing in society and propose ways to overcome them, contributing to a more equal and fair representation of women and men in politics.

Keywords: gender stereotypes, gender roles, verbalization of gender stereotypes, gender norms, political discourse, inclusive speech practices, gender aspect, evaluation dispositions, dominance, gender equality

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of morphological means of the category of number expression in the adjectives of Kadar, Khaidak and Tsudakhar dialects of the Dargwa language.The Dargwa language is one the most dialectally differentiated Dagestani languages. The peculiarities in Dargwa idioms are revealed on the phonetic, lexical-grammatical, and syntactic levels. The study of morphological means of expressing the category of number of adjectives in poorly studied Dargin dialects, such as Kadar, Tsudakhar and Khaidak, will shed light on the study of current issues in the field of Dargwa dialectology. Since the formation of the plural in Dargwa dialects, the patterns of its formation remain not yet fully disclosed, although some attention has been given to this issue in the scientific literature. The relevance of the study is that the morphological system of mentioned idioms is rich, and their grammatical categories are still unexplored yet. The purpose of the work is to identify the formants of pluralis and study the methods of forming plural forms of the adjectives in the dialects: suffixal, class-numerical, mixed. To achieve this aim, the methods of comparative historical analysis and descriptive methods are used. Field linguistics methods were used to collect field material. The novelty of the work is in the fact that in the Dargwa dialectology it’s the first attempt to analyze morphological means of expressing the category of number of adjectives in the Kadar, Khaidak and Tsudakhar dialects. In the course of the study, the methods of plural forms formation of Kadar, Khaidak and Tsudakhar adjectives were determined and their distinctive peculiarities were revealed. The results of the study can be applied in the preparation of comparative-historical grammar of Dargin dialects, typological studies and special courses in the Dargwa dialectology.

Keywords: the Dagestan languages, the Dargwa language, the Kadar dialect, the Khaidak dialect, the Tsudakhar dialect, the category of class, the category of number, adjective, the forms of plurality, class and number expression

Abstract: The relevance of the study is substantiated by the need for a comprehensive synchronous analysis of the types, features and limits of functional and functional-semantic transposition of linguistic units in the system of parts of speech. The subject of the analysis is substantive formations that are functionally close to adverbial vocabulary, the object is word forms that explicate different stages of adverbialization. The purpose of the study is to characterize units that are involved to varying degrees in the process of categorical degeneration into adverbs of place of static and dynamic orientation. The work identifies the type and features of transposition of nouns without prepositions into a subclass of spatial adverbs. The idea of the stepwise and spasmodic nature of the adverbial transposition of prepositionless forms of nouns is substantiated. Using the example of the word form "at home", semantic and grammatical shifts are shown that occur in the structure of word forms subject to functional-semantic adverbialization. The study was carried out using the structural-semantic method, the method of oppositional analysis, linguistic experiment, distributional and componential analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was established that when transposed into a local adverb, the word form "doma" bypasses the stages of the periphery of the original noun and the periphery of the derivative adverb. It does not have the stage of hybrid, substantive-adverbial structures in the modern language. Dynamically, the process of adverbialization of the word "doma" is manifested in a change in the proportion of differential features of the original and derivative parts of speech. As a result of the adverbial transposition, the word «дома» (at home), firstly, loses the semantics of the subject and the grammatical categories of gender, number and case, the case-numerical paradigm, mutability, the system of inflections, the primary function of the complement, the syntagmatic characteristics of the noun in the form of adjectival and substantive extenders, and secondly, it acquires the features of the adverbial class of words - the meaning of the secondary feature, immutability, the primary adverbial function of the circumstance. It is shown that the nature of the adverbial subordinate connections of the word form «дома» has also undergone a change at the level of both the phrase and the sentence: from a controlled word form it has turned into an adjoining one. It has been revealed that the adverbialization of the word «дома» is a fact of grammar and vocabulary, since the formation of an adverb is associated here with the emergence of a new lexical unit of the language.

Keywords: Russian language, grammar, adverbial transposition, noun without preposition, adverb, transition scale, stage, core, periphery, hybridity

Abstract: The research subject is fashion industry terminology and linguistic means of expression within the media discourse in the materials of glossy press and online fashion journalism in three languages (English, Chinese and Russian). The study of the terminology of the fashion industry, as well as the functioning of language in the above-mentioned materials is the most urgent direction of modern fundamental and applied linguistics. The aim of the article is to study English, Russian and Chinese terminology of the fashion industry. The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of English, Russian and Chinese terminology of the fashion industry. The article also intends to study linguistic means of expression in media texts on fashion industry issues with the involvement of a functional approach (in the media discourse of glossy press and fashion journalism). The main content is concentrated around the analysis of the concepts of ‘term’, ‘linguistic means of expression’, ‘fashion industry’, ‘fashion journalism’ from the linguistic point of view. The research methods are definitional analysis, discourse analysis, translation and linguocultural analysis, etc. The text of a glossy magazine and a digital media text serve as the basic unit of analysis in the study of modern Chinese and English-language media. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the subject of the study and the lack of modern research in the field of online journalism in the aspect of studying the formation of fashion industry terminology and linguistic means of expression in the construction of the image of beauty in the media (in glossy magazines and digital products-analogues).

Keywords: term, media discourse, linguistic means, expression, fashion industry, digital media text, Chinese-language media, English-language media, fashion journalism, digital analog

Abstract: The subject of this study is the peculiarities of the selection of linguistic means and the organization of speech utterance in modern American political discourse. The aim is to identify the relationship between the main communicative characteristics of US political rhetoric today: discursive competence and deverbalization. The working hypothesis requiring verification is as follows: public speeches by the American President J. Biden is characterized by a low degree of discursive competence, which is manifested both at the lexical, syntactic and semantic levels of the language. The identification of ways to actualize this characteristic of discourse is the main task of the author of this article. Its solution is carried out through the selection, analysis and interpretation of linguistic means that explicate these parameters of discourse. The characteristics and criteria for identifying the degree of deverbalization and discursive competence of the producer of a speech utterance are determined. The research methods were: observation of American political rhetorical discourse, the continuous sampling method, and interpretative analysis. The novelty of the research lies in the practical application of theoretical concepts defining the communicative characteristics of discourse to the field of political rhetoric, the expansion of the criteria of deverbalization proposed by V. I. Karasik, and the identification of characteristic features of modern political rhetorical American discourse. The conducted research allowed us to confirm the assumption and come to the following conclusions: 1) deverbalization in the speeches of the US political leader prevails over the degree of his discursive competence; 2) the main characteristics of the deverbalization of discourse can be considered its hybridity (mixing of styles), the active use of desemanticized affections (emotive vocabulary that does not carry a specific semantic content), appeal to abstract categories and concepts; 3) the degree of the speaker's discursive competence is determined, among other things, by the quality of the recipient's perception of information, and can be more accurately verified by taking this factor into account.

Keywords: discursive competence, deverbalization, political rhetoric, communicative features of discourse, speech act, stylistic mode, american discourse, discourse hybridity, desemantic affectives, language means