Abstract: The article analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the concept of the "Russian world" based on a series of sociological studies of student consciousness in the South of Russia (2015–2021) conducted by the staff of the Southern Federal University. The actualization of this concept in student consciousness occurred against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis of 2014 and underwent a certain transformation from 2015 to 2021. The methodological basis of the study was a series of focus groups and a questionnaire survey. In the process of analyzing the data collected by means of the questionnaire survey, factor, correlation and regression types of statistical analysis were used. As a result, the specifics of the decontestation of the concept of the "Russian world" in student consciousness were established, as well as a change in the conceptual framework for interpreting this concept. In particular, it was found that in 2015, the decontestation of the concept of the "Russian world" in the structure of values ​​of student consciousness occurred in the right ideological spectrum (up to right-wing radical interpretations), but in 2019, this concept is more often placed in the cultural and civilizational context in the structures of student identity. Key factors influencing the process of decontestation of the concept of the "Russian world" were also identified. The general conclusion based on the results of the study is that despite the fact that these variables substantively intersect with the three meanings of the concept of the "Russian world" presented in the media space of modern Russia (imperial-civilizational, super-ethnic and Orthodox-civilizational), the shifts occurring in student consciousness indicate deeper changes - about the increasing rootedness of the concept under study in the structures of student identity, and not just at the superficial level of ideological attitudes.

Keywords: student youth, value dynamics, group consciousness, Russian world, ideological concept, ideological attitude, ideology, cognitive-ideological matrix, questionnaire survey, South of Russia

Abstract: This article represents an attempt to make an unprecedented comprehensive analysis of the first experience of teaching the academic English-language course “History of Religions in Russia” to foreign students of Russian higher education institutions. The object of the proposed research is the educational and methodological complex for the above mentioned discipline, which is currently being tested at the RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, with the participation of the first year bachelor’s degree students of English-language educational programs - both of humanitarian and technical profiles. The major purpose of the study is to generalize and systematize the methodical, methodological, organizational, technical and other relevant features of the process of introduction of this subject into the curriculum. The study uses general and special scientific methods: generalization and classification, deduction and induction, analysis of administrative, regulatory and other documents. The main novelty of the research lies in the implementation of a previously unconducted analysis of the empirical results of teaching a new general education course launched for foreign students only in the fall of 2024. The practical significance of the article is comprised of providing other Russian universities and institutes planning to begin teaching the researched discipline with the opportunity to use the materials developed by RUDN University, which among higher education institutions in Russia has actually become a pioneer in teaching English-language course of “History of Religions in Russia” to foreigners. It will also be instrumental in giving new impetus to the measures taken by Russian high-schools in order to expand the export of national education abroad.

Keywords: Russian mentality, adaptation of the conceptual framework, educational diplomacy, teaching foreign students, scientific diplomacy, new education course development, interreligious dialogue, interfaith dialogue, religious education, History of Religions in Russia

Abstract: The article studies the development and performance of the Japanese welfare state to analyse the successes and failures of Japanese decisions in the field of social policy. The study covers emergence and change of pension and health insurance programs, social support measures, demographic programs and the long-term care insurance. The education system in Japan is assessed. The administrative architecture of the welfare state is studied. Political bargaining over the rules of the welfare state is considered, from the creation of the system to its optimisation because of the population aging and the slowdown of the economy. The study compares effectiveness of social programs in Japan and in other countries. The culture-specific features of the Japanese social policy are assessed to explain the limits for possible implementation of the Japanese decisions in other countries. The effectiveness of social programs is studied on the basis of quantitative indicators reflecting their functioning, such as the level of health of the population and health care costs, incomes of elderly citizens, student achievements in comparison with other countries. The welfare state in Japan followed the example of Germany. Social policy in Japan does not fall behind the European systems. The health care system in Japan is one of the best in the world. Insurance mechanisms work effectively, the share of direct payments is small and lower than the average among developed countries. The education system also shows good results. The pension system lags behind in terms of the expected level of income replacement, and also faces problems due to the aging population. The welfare state in Japan effectively supports citizens, but faces serious pressure from economic and demographic factors, which leads to tightening of rules to maintain the sustainability of the system.

Keywords: demography, family benefits, healthcare, pensions, social assistance, social insurance, welfare state, education, social policy, Japan

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of Hajj as an important element of state-Islamic relations in Russia. The historical aspects of Hajj, its influence on the formation of Islamic identity and interaction with state institutions are considered. The paper also explores current trends and challenges in preparation for and during the Hajj, including issues of financial aspects, as well as legal and social barriers. The focus is on the relationship between religious practices and public policy, as well as the role of Hajj in strengthening social cohesion among Muslim communities. The article analyzes examples of successful interaction between Islamic organizations and government agencies, as well as cases of conflicts and misunderstandings that may arise during the implementation of the Hajj. The article uses an integrated approach combining historical, politological and anthropological analysis. The research is based on the analysis of historical documents, statistical data, interviews with representatives of Islamic organizations. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of knowledge about the Hajj as an important element in the system of state-Islamic relations in Russia. The unique aspects of preparation for Hajj and its implementation, which had not previously been sufficiently investigated in the context of Russian reality, are revealed. The article emphasizes that Hajj not only performs religious functions, but also becomes a factor of social cohesion among Muslim communities. The findings of the study indicate that the Hajj can serve as a bridge for intercultural dialogue and understanding in a multinational country, contributing to strengthening ties between different ethnic and religious groups. It is also noted that successful cooperation between Islamic organizations and government agencies can significantly improve conditions for pilgrims, however, there are many challenges, including financial and legal barriers, which require attention from both Muslim communities and government agencies.

Keywords: Hajj, Saudi Arabia, Society, Muslims, Cross-border nature, Muslim-state relations, Pilgrimage, Islam, State, Religious practices

Abstract: The subject of the research is the prosecutor's protection of the labor rights of minors. The authors of the article investigate not only the features of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of labor rights of citizens under the age of 18, but also analyze other types of prosecutorial activities in this area. The paper pays attention to the specifics and legal grounds for the participation of prosecutors in the consideration of labor disputes by the courts. Proposals have been formulated on the specifics of the implementation of legal education by prosecutors among employers, as well as underage workers. In order to distinguish between the subject of prosecutorial supervision and the competence of state control bodies in the studied area, the issues that are subject to verification by the prosecutor are reflected, and the limits of prosecutorial activity are outlined. In the course of the study, the authors applied the method of statistical analysis of data on the number of violations of the labor rights of minors identified by prosecutors. Comparing this information with data on the number of claims filed by prosecutors allowed us to establish that the number of cases of prosecutors send to courts is relatively small. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of knowledge about the role of the prosecutor in protecting the labor rights of minors. The paper also formulated separate proposals for improving this type of prosecutorial activity. In particular, a legal justification has been developed for the prosecutor's right to bring the cases to court in order to protect the labor rights of a minor employee, even in cases where the minor himself does not want to file a written application with the prosecutor's office, but the violation of his labor rights is significant. In addition, the research contains proposals to tighten administrative responsibility for violations of the labor rights of minors.

Keywords: minor worker, labor rights, law, supervisory support, authorities, prosecutorial science, prosecutorial activity, prosecutor supervision, prosecutor, prosecutor's office

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of realization of the right to pension provision by certain categories of citizens of the Russian Federation who are entitled to an early old-age insurance pension, whose work was carried out on the territories of the states that are part of the USSR. The topic is relevant due to the fact that pension legislation is dynamically developing. Modern geopolitical conditions, when citizens of the former Soviet republics acquire citizenship of the Russian Federation due to various circumstances, give the chosen topic great relevance. The study pays special attention to the impact of the current international political situation on the realization of the right to pension provision by such citizens. The subject of the study is the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation on pension provision, judicial practice, as well as the works of domestic legal scholars on this issue. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization), as well as special legal (formal legal) methods of scientific cognition. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, problems have been identified in the realization of the right to an early old-age insurance pension by citizens of the Russian Federation whose work was carried out in the territories of the states that were part of the USSR: difficulties in confirming the existence of a special work experience associated with the adverse effects of various factors due to the reorganization or liquidation of the employer organization; absence (loss) of documents on work experience; ignoring by organizations and authorities of the states of the former Soviet republics requests for information on the provision of information on the duration, nature and working conditions of persons living in Russia, in the territories of the former Soviet Union. It has been established that employees of pension authorities make mistakes in the application (interpretation) of the norms of pension legislation, evade the obligation to request documents necessary for the appointment of a pension from authorities and organizations, shifting this burden on citizens themselves and forcing them to defend their rights and legitimate interests in court. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed measures aimed at optimizing the procedure for exercising the right to an early retirement insurance pension, taking into account modern geopolitical conditions.

Keywords: early insurance pension, pension authority, work experience, citizens, work, pension provision, retirement age, pension legislation, insurance experience, special experience

Abstract: The presentation of material and spiritual culture in the museum's humanitarian exposition is an effective tool for the formation and preservation of historical memory about the daily life of the population at different stages of human evolution. The images conveyed through individual exhibits make it possible to draw people's attention to the lost traditions of the past. The subject of the research is the representation of historical and cultural heritage in the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the IES UFRC RAS, which is one of the important factors in preserving and strengthening intercultural dialogue in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article provides a brief description of the museum space, as well as highlights that the objects and collections housed in the exhibition halls emphasize the common cultural ties between the different peoples (Turkic, East Slavic and Finno-Ugric) of the multiethnic region. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, generalization) and special historical methods (historical-comparative, principle of historicism, systematic approach) were used in the preparation of the work. The conducted research has shown that the museum representation of the collected and systematized scientific funds (archaeological and ethnographic collections) acts as a resource for the formation of ideological attitudes of the inhabitants of the republic. Intercultural dialogue is achieved by overcoming stereotypes, expanding ideas about the early stages of the history of the Southern Urals and the and Pre-Ural, and sharing objective knowledge about the indigenous people and migrants of the region. Folk traditions and customs reflected in ethnic culture not only emphasize the specifics of the cultural landscape of the territorial space, but also manifest themselves as factors in establishing interethnic understanding in regional society. The prospects for further scientific development of the stated topic may be related to the study of the place and role of the academic museum: in intercultural communication using digital technologies; in the development of identity of the population; in the formation of historical consciousness of the inhabitants of the republic and the Ural-Volga region.

Keywords: interethnic harmony, intercultural dialogue, ethnicity, population, Republic of Bashkortostan, exposition, academic museum, culture, historical and cultural heritage, Representation

Abstract: The article examines the phenomenon of temporality of political discourse, which is understood as a specific configuration of grammatical and semantic markers of referring to the past, present and future. The object of the study is the official political discourse of the Russian government in the period 2012-2022. The subject of the study is the patterns of the use of time markers in the official discourse of state power. The empirical basis of the research is the messages of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly, as well as solemn speeches dedicated to the celebration of Victory Day, National Unity Day and New Year. Special attention is paid in the article to the connection of the temporal characteristics of discourse with the historical policy of state power. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of linguistic and semiotic approaches. The measurement of temporality in the discourse of power is carried out at three levels: grammatical (the ratio of the tense forms of verbs), lexical (symbolic words referring to the past and future), semantic (semantic content of images of the past and future). Variations of quantitative and qualitative content analysis are applied at each level. The main conclusions of the study include the following provisions. Firstly, the official discourse of the Russian government in the period 2012-2022 is timeless and fixated on reproducing the present. Secondly, the key tool for this reproduction should be considered stretching the time continuum of the present from the recent past as a measurable actual result of government activities to the near future, known from already formed work and budgeting plans. Thirdly, despite the dominance of references to the future at the grammatical level, the past is semantically more significant and structured. Fourthly, the main reference historical period for the discourse of power is the post-war Soviet period, which corresponds to the current public demand. The novelty of the research lies in the application of an approach to the phenomenon of temporality, which allows us to take into account not only the manifestations of historical politics, but also to identify its correspondence to temporal orientation at the grammatical and lexical level. The study differentiates the natural orientation in time from the mythologized study of the past, placing it in a continuum of understanding the development of society by the Russian government.

Keywords: symbolic politics, historical politics, The word marker, the temporal form of the verb, The symbol word, the president, official discourse, temporality, the past, future