Abstract: The article is devoted to the linguocultural specifics of the formation of German- and Russian-language names of catering establishments. The subject of the study is the structural and semantic features of restaurant names. The object of the study comprises restaurant names as the names of catering establishments. The material for the research includes lists of restaurants located in the center of Moscow and Berlin, published on the electronic resources Restoclub.ru and Speisekarte.de. The research tasks are: to establish the main types of Berlin and Moscow restaurant names; to define and characterize the types of identifiers and classifiers of German- and Russian-language names of catering establishments; to identify their structural and semantic features; to establish common and differential ways of forming restaurant names in the Russian and German languages. The authors thoroughly examine the creation of restaurant names in the discussed languages using onymic elements, numbers, and communicative constructions. Particular attention is paid to hybrid nominations. The theoretical and methodological foundation of the study includes general theoretical works in the field of onomastics by N.V. Podolskaya, O.S. Issers, as well as works in the field of ergonomics by I.T. Vepryova and G.N. Starikov. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the material of the study consists of restaurant names from the central parts of Berlin and Moscow; a new aspect is the identification of the specifics of forming names of catering establishments in a linguocultural context. A well-established model of creating German-language restaurant names, which includes an identifier, has been identified. It has been established that the difference manifests in the different roles of classifiers in restaurant names in the German and Russian languages. The unstable nature of the creation of Russian-language restaurant names has been revealed, indicating the dynamic processes of their formation. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the establishment of common and differential features of the formation of names of catering establishments in the German- and Russian-speaking spaces. Common features include a variety in the number of identifiers and the use of classifiers that mark the national or regional character of the restaurant business, as well as the participation of onymic elements in the formation of restaurant names. The distinction lies in the role of the identifier as an element of the restaurant name in German, and as an element of accompanying text in Russian.

Abstract: The article is dedicated to identifying the specifics of the functioning of proper names in the titles of films from the USA produced in 1920. The subject of the study includes structural, semantic, and functional features of proper names. The object of the study consists of English language onymic units. The material for the research is based on the list of films from American film companies in 1920, published on the electronic resource "List of American films of 1920." The research tasks are to identify the main types of bionyms and abionyms involved in creating film titles; to define and characterize the types of anthroponyms and toponyms; to reveal the structural and semantic features of male and female names, oikonyms, and godonyms; and to establish the specifics of the functioning of filmonyms involving onymic units. The authors examine in detail the reasons for the use of onymic units in film titles. Special attention is given to the functioning of familiar anthroponyms and toponyms for American film viewers, as well as precedent onymes in filmonyms. The theoretical basis of the research consists of the main provisions in the field of onomastics by A. V. Superanskaya and V. I. Suprun, which reveal the linguistic status of onymes and the criteria for their classification. The works of Yu. N. Podymova, V. E. Anisimov, and A. V. Zubareva were consulted to address the features of filmonyms. The study employs structural-semantic and functional analysis methods. For the first time, the material of the study consists of titles of US film productions from 1920; the novelty lies in revealing the specifics of the functioning and choice of proper names for creating filmonyms. The study found that film titles mainly feature onymes of American origin, as well as the use of the same names and structures, indicating the unstable nature of the process of forming filmonyms during that period. It was established that the most common names in filmonyms are familiar anthroponyms of that time such as Mary, Rose, Jimmy, Jack; and toponyms New York and Broadway. A dependence of the structural type of filmonyms on a certain type of onyme has been identified. It was determined that only anthroponyms are used in the form of word forms, while toponyms more often form phrases where they serve as definitions.

Abstract: The article is devoted to identifying the features of the verbalization of the cover texts announcing the central article of the magazine at the early stages of its formation. The subject of the study is the structural and functional features of the verbalization of creolized texts. The object of the study is the verbalized element (main and secondary texts-signatures) of the creolized text of the magazine cover. The material for the study was the issues of the German magazine Der Spiegel for 1946-1949 during its formation. Research objectives: to establish the features of the location of the verbalized text of the magazine cover; to identify the specifics of the functioning of the main and auxiliary texts in relation to the non-verbal means of the cover; to determine the structural features of the verbalized text of the magazine cover. The authors consider in detail the role of the main and auxiliary phrases in the organization of the creolized text. Special attention is paid to the choice of the main theme of the magazine cover, determined by the cultural and historical conditions of the magazine's creation. The research was based on methods of structural and functional analysis, as well as methods of generalization, systematization and classification, contextual and component analysis of the conceptual features of the cover. For the first time, the research material is the creolized texts of the cover of Der Spiegel magazine from 1946 to 1948; it is new to identify the specifics of the functioning and choice of linguistic means of the verbalized text in relation to the image and cultural and social conditions of post-war Germany. The main functions of the creolized texts of the journal and the means of their expression are determined. It was found that the traditions of the magazine's cover design were generally laid down from its first issue, however, the design and arrangement of the verbalized text changed over time. The main text stood out graphically and performed nominative, informative and presentative functions. Lexical and stylistic means are not diverse, there is practically no irony, sarcasm, puns; idioms are rarely used. Structurally, there is a wide use of noun phrases. The secondary text supplements, summarizes, clarifies the content of the main text and refers to the content of the announced journal article. The relative inexpressiveness of the verbalized part of the creolized text of the Der Spiegel cover during its formation is partly due to the lack of need to struggle to attract a wide range of readers.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the historical changes in the syntactic structure of the German language; the object of the study is articles. The authors consider in detail the use of definite, indefinite and null articles based on the material of a fragment of the Gospel of Luke, which were published in various periods of the German language: the text of Tatiana, translated by Martin Luther, made in 1545; an adapted version of Luther's translation, published in 2017 and a lightweight electronic version created as a result of deviation from the canonical translation. Particular attention is paid to the frequency of use of articles, the reasons for the increase or decrease in their use, as well as other means of determination. It is established that modern electronic text shows a tendency to decrease nominal groups, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in articles. The tendency to decrease the zero article is manifested by the early Upper German period; in modern German, there is a displacement of the definite article.  The methodological basis is based on a systematic approach to the interpretation of the phenomena of linguistic ontology in diachrony. The research methods are comparative historical analysis, the method of distributive analysis, quantitative analysis, methods of N. Chomsky's theory of control and binding. The main conclusions of the proposed study are the revealed historical processes in the system of articles of the German language. It was found that at an early stage of language development, the zero article dominated in texts, which significantly narrowed the manifestation of determination. The main burden during this period fell on possessive nominal groups, which primarily included proper names. The definite article was used much less frequently. In nominal groups that are part of the prepositional group, the zero article was mainly used, which eventually led to the creation of stable prepositional constructions with a zero article. The largest number of all types of articles falls on Luther's translation adapted to the modern grammatical structure of the German language, which is associated with the maximum use of nominal groups. What is new is the establishment in modern German of a tendency to reduce the zero and definite articles.