Abstract:  
This article is dedicated to comprehensive examination of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The article considers the characteristics f the nomination of terminological units and highlights the most common models of terms in the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" using the example of Russian and English languages. Modern linguistics features a few research on the terms of chemical industry, while the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" has not previously become a subject of separate research, particularly in the comparative aspect of two or more languages, which determines the relevance of this publication. The goal lies in description of the terms of chemical industry, namely "Production of technical formalin" in the Russian and English languages. The subject of this article is the study of the terminological systems of chemical industry in the field of production of technical formalin relative to functionality of the term-word and terminological phrase. The novelty consists in the comparative analysis of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The terminological system of chemical production of technical formalin includes the following lexical-thematic groups:
1. Technological process of production of technical formalin
2. Equipment line
3. Chemicals and reactions
It is established that in the Russian language, the most commonly used model in all subgroups is the two-component model "adjective + noun" (over 50 %); while in the English language, it is the two-component model "noun + noun" (over 50%).
 

Abstract: The goal of this article lies in analysis of the semantics of indefinite pronouns of the English language, which form the core of the semantic field of uncertainty from the perspective of functional linguistics. The subject of this research is the semantic content of English indefinite pronouns in the literary and publicistic texts. The relevance of this work is defined by the lack of works in both domestic and foreign modern linguistics dedicated to indefinite pronouns of the English language. The scientific novelty consists systematization of indefinite pronouns in form of semantic field and determination of possible varieties of uncertainty through the semantics of this group of pronouns in the English literary texts. It is established that in literary texts, the indefinite pronouns of the core of the semantic field of uncertainty of the English language are used for conveying quite very peculiar; however, the key components are uncertainty and generality in evaluation of the unfolding events. Uncertainty can be explicit or conditional. Generality also correlates with uncertainty, leaving out particularities. The absence of particularities is the main semantic indicator of the use of nuclear indefinite pronouns in the literary texts.

Abstract: The goal of this article consists in carrying out a semantic analysis of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth)/ Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French languages. Very few works in the modern linguistics are dedicated to comparative study of the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French literary texts, which defines the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to examine functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts, as well as to determine the composition of meanings and dynamics of their development in these lexemes. The article employs the comparative and quantitative methods, semantic analysis, and modeling. In both languages the concept of “Pravda (truth) / Verite” implies such notions as: “Honesty”, ”Fairness”, “Sincerity”, ”Reality”, “Veracity”. The conclusion is made that in the Russian and French literary texts, the linguocultural concept of “Truth” is reflected in its primary meaning – "Honesty”. The distinctive feature is the in the Russian texts it is used as “Veracity”, while in the French – as “Fairness”, which emphasizes the specificity of mentality reflected in the linguistic worldview.

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in the semantic analysis of synonymic rows of the concept of “justice” in the meaning of “law” in the speech of modern politicians in English and Russian publicistic texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of justice in the meaning of “law” in the speech of English and Russian politicians. Relevance of this work is defined by fact that the problems of comparative analysis of the concept of “justice” and its notional component based on the material of English and Russian publicistic texts remain poorly studied in the comparative linguistics. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt of comparative analysis of notional component of the synonyms of core lexemes “law” and its Russian equivalent in publicistic texts in the speech of modern politicians. In the English and Russian languages, the concept of “justice” implies honesty, law, objectivity, and truth. This article presents a comparative analysis of synonyms of the concept of justice in the meaning of “law”. As a result, the author determined the equivalent lexemes that represents the concept of “law” in English and Russian languages, and carried out semantic analysis of these lexemes in publicistic texts in the speech of modern politicians in Russian and English languages. It was revealed that law mostly reflects legal nature and means the rule that is used to determine the pattern of social behavior; an adopted principle, decree or instruction that establishes certain order; a legal act, principles, regulations set by law; a draft law submitted for the approval of legislative branches; a formal order. It can also define moral behavior in the society and signify the rule of moral conduct

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in semantic analysis of the synonyms of the concept of “fairness” in the sense of "honesty" in speech of English-language and Russian-language modern politicians. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of honesty in speech of English and Russian politicians. The existing gaps in comparative linguistics with regards to comparative analysis of the concept of “fairness” and its semantic component in English and Russian journalistic texts define the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt of comparative analysis of the semantic component of the synonyms of core lexemes of “fairness/honesty”, and their functionality in speech of modern politicians reflected in journalistic texts. In English and Russian languages, the concept of “fairness” is described by the following terms: honesty, law, objectivity, truth. The author conducts comparative analysis of semantics of the synonyms of the concept of fairness in the sense of “honesty”. It was established that in English and Russian journalistic texts featuring the speech of modern English and Russian politicians, honesty implies not only an honest attitude towards something, but also moral, professional, and social dignity that inspires respect, as well as informedness of society on the key decisions, freedom of opinion. Honesty is also openness of borders; willingness to consider ideas and opinions that differ from personal; certain rules and measures that do not lead to unworthy or unacceptable results, as well as an independent decision of the highest authorities. However, in speech of English-speaking politicians, honesty carries rather a legal character, as well as social justice; while in speech of Russian-speaking politicians, honesty means failure to commit immoral, antisocial doings, as well; as being honest first and foremost with yourself.