Abstract: The subject of this study is the criminal law characteristics of offenses aimed at discrediting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and state structures. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current legislation, law enforcement practices, and problematic aspects of qualifying actions related to the dissemination of false information and discrediting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the state institution. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity of balancing the protection of public order (especially during internal and external political conflicts) and the realization of citizens' constitutional rights to freedom of expression. The study examines the norms of Articles 205.2, 207.3, 280, and 280.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, addressing issues of administrative preclusion, publicity of the act, the subjective side of the crime, and other qualifying signs. The basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, and generalization, and specific scientific methods: comparative legal and formal-logical methods. In conclusion, a reasoned conclusion is made about the necessity of improving criminal legislation in order to adhere to the principles of justice, individualization of punishment, and legal certainty. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the conclusions formulated and substantiated in the research can serve as a theoretical foundation for further relevant scientific discussions. The practical significance of the research is that it contains scientific ideas that have served as the basis for recommendations that can be used in legislative activities when improving regulatory legal acts and enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in the context of combating the studied category of crimes. In the course of the study, the author proposes measures aimed at improving the provisions of Article 280.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Importance is placed on the clarification of the conceptual apparatus regarding the examined category of crime, which will effectively impact the differentiation of related compositions. The author also considers it advisable to examine certain provisions of Article 280.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation at the legislative level, emphasizing the presence of administrative preclusion and such constructive feature as "publicity."

Keywords: criminal law characteristics, discrediting the government, military personnel, administrative prejudice, publicity, false information, freedom of speech, law enforcement practice, the conceptual framework, criminalization of acts

Abstract: This work is devoted to doctrinal interpretation of the criminal law innovation "public demonstration, including in mass media or information and telecommunications networks (including the Internet)," introduced into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as an aggravating circumstance for a number of crimes against life, health, and personal freedom. The subject of the research is the criminal law qualification of "public demonstration" of a crime. The aim of the work is to identify gaps and contradictions in legislation related to the problem of criminal law qualification of "public demonstration." As a result of the conducted research, it was established that "public demonstration" of a crime can be considered as a circumstance aggravating criminal liability, provided that it causes public resonance and contributes to the spread of criminal behavior. Problems in the interpretation of this concept in judicial practice were revealed, as well as insufficient unification of criteria for assessing the publicity of a demonstration. Criteria for a more accurate definition of this circumstance within the framework of criminal legislation were proposed. Comprehensive research methods were employed, including systematic analysis of criminal legislation, comparative legal analysis of judicial practice, logical and structural methods to identify the specifics of qualification, as well as methods of interpretation of legal norms and scientific analysis of literature on criminal law. In the absence of relevant clarifications from the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for law enforcement practice, the authors proposed an understanding of the essence and content of the criminal law category "public demonstration" and defined its place within the structure of a crime. Questions concerning the qualification of actions of a third party present at the crime scene, recording this event using technical devices (smartphone, camera, video camera, etc.) and subsequently disseminating this information online were considered; the connection between "public demonstration" and the intentional commission of a crime in a public place in the absence of eyewitnesses—witnesses was also examined. Scientific approaches and the author's interpretation were formulated on all these aspects. The results of the work can be used in the activities of courts, prosecutors, law enforcement agencies, as well as in scientific research on the qualification of crimes and the improvement of criminal legislation.

Keywords: video recording, personality, situation, objective side, object of criminal encroachment, display, crime, public demonstration, dissemination of information, method

Abstract: The subject of this study is the potential of sports-oriented education institutions as tools for pedagogical intervention in juvenile deviance, amid the crisis of traditional socialization agents (family, school) and the expansion of digital environments that cultivate destructive behavioral patterns. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the unique features of the sports environment, which compensates for deficits in emotional engagement, discipline, and value orientation among at-risk adolescents. The research methodology includes a systematic review of domestic and international publications (2010–2023), comparative analysis of case studies integrating sports practices into deviance correction programs, and content analysis of regulatory documents. The scientific novelty lies in the justification of a "sports socialization" model that synthesizes pedagogical, psychological, and legal aspects of deviant behavior correction. Findings reveal that structured training processes, emotional bonds with mentor-coaches, and the reconfiguration of adolescents’ social status within sports teams foster positive attitudes more effectively than repressive-preventive measures. The conclusions underscore the necessity for developing interdisciplinary programs that combine resources from sports sections, psychologists, and juvenile affairs inspectors. Thus, sports-focused supplementary education institutions possess significant potential for pedagogical correction of deviant behavior by integrating structured environments, mentor engagement, and opportunities for reshaping social roles. Further research should focus on analyzing the long-term effects of sports programs and adapting international best practices to Russian sociocultural realities.

Keywords: pedagogical correction, deviant behavior, adolescence, sports school, mentor, coach-instructor, value orientation, model of pedagogical correction, prevention subject, interaction

Abstract: This article discusses the issue of pistol shooting training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Ministry of Internal Affairs). In the context of the constantly changing situation in the country and the world, where the safety of citizens is a priority, it is essential for law enforcement personnel to have access to quality and modern education, which, in turn, will contribute to enhancing overall safety in the country. The object of the study is the process of teaching pistol shooting during practical classes in firearms training at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The subject of the study is the specific methods, technologies, and approaches used in the process of teaching pistol shooting during practical classes in firearms training at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The authors employed methods of comparative analysis, observation, synthesis, deduction, and analysis of scientific literature, among others, during their research. As a result, they proposed recommendations for improving the effectiveness of training, which could be utilized by instructors in pistol shooting education. According to the authors, these recommendations will contribute to the enhancement of the professional training of internal affairs personnel. Pistol shooting training is not only preparation for performing official duties but also the formation of a responsible attitude towards handling firearms. It is important for each trainee to realize their responsibility to society and to be ready to act according to high standards of professionalism and ethics. Only in this case can we talk about a truly effective training system that will contribute to increasing the level of safety and law and order in the country.

Keywords: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, employee, cadet, pistol, shooting, official duties, training, educational organization, instructor, shot

Abstract: Sport occupies an important place in modern society, acting not only as a means of physical development, but also as a factor in personality formation, contributing to the socialization and education of young people. In the context of growing competition in the international arena, sporting achievements are becoming an important indicator of the level of training of athletes, as well as the effectiveness of educational systems. In this context, special attention should be paid to the training of athletes in departmental educational organizations, which have their own specific features and tasks. The object of research in the presented article is the training process in working with cadets, the subject is a wide range of its educational aspects. The article examines the organization of the training process in departmental educational organizations of Russia in the context of the education of cadets-athletes of national teams. The authors of the article analyzed the role and place of education in the process of training athletes of national teams of departmental educational organizations, using the example of the Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, using the questionnaire method. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the training process of cadet athletes of departmental educational organizations from the perspective of education in a sports environment, which includes not only physical training, but also moral, and psychological development. The potential novelty of the work is methodical in nature. Education is the most important factor that affects the success of athletes both in sports and in life. It forms not only the physical, but also the moral qualities necessary to achieve high results. Thus, the further development of the athletes' training system in departmental educational organizations should be based on the principles of an integrated approach that combines sports training and education, contributing to the formation of a harmonious and successful personality.

Keywords: education, cadet, coach, national team, educational organization, training, employee, athlete, lecturer, law enforcement